Civilization 2 Ottoman Expansion scenario
Readme file

(You should use "word warp" in order to view this file correctly)

Introduction
------------

In the year 1281, Ottoman became the leader of the Ottomans Turks. Ottoman established the Ottoman Empire and became its first sultan. By 1566 the Ottoman Empire controlled the land from Hungary in Europe to the Persian golf in Asia. The Ottomans took advantage of the fragmentation in the Christian world, and capture the eastern parts of Europe.

Installation
------------

Ottoman.scn is the scenario itself.
If you have the scenarios CD-ROM, make a new folder under your scenarios folder named "Ottoman" and copy all the files to your new folder.
If you don't have this CD, copy all the files to the civ2 directory (don't forget to backup the original files first!). Copy all the sound files (*.wav) to "Sounds" directory. When you done playing with this scenario, restore the original files.
If you don't have the CD, rename or move the file Get_info.exe in the "Pedia" directory, so the Civilopedia will be accurate.
The scenario contains 15 files and 17 sounds.

Civilizations
-------------

I couldn't represent all the countries in the map by using only 7 civilizations. Instead, I grouped countries into religious and ethnic civilization - three Christian civilizations, Moslem Civilization and Mongol Civilization. The Byzantines and Ottomans correspond with the real countries.
The grouping hurt the internal fragmentation inside the civilization, but instead, there should be civil disorders.
Although this scenario was designed for the human player to play the Ottomans, you can play any of the other civilization, it won't always be historical logical, and the Ottoman civilization is usually destroyed almost immediately.

The civilizations (In no particular order):

Ottomans -
Ruler: Ottoman.
In the year of 1281, Ottoman leaded the Turks, and established the Ottoman Empire. The follow sultans expanded the Ottoman Empire and conquest areas in East Europe, North Africa and Asia. The Ottoman Expansion continues until 1683, when they withdraw from Hungary.

Western European Christians -
Ruler: Zigmond. King Zigmond of Luxembourg was the only leader that unified the Christian world against the Ottomans. He is the only ruler in this scenario that didn't ruled in 1281.
Area: Southwest Europe.
This west European didn't face the ottomans in their land. Nevertheless, the West Europeans assist their eastern allies in their wars against the ottomans. In the 16 Century, French Kings allied with the Ottomans against the Habsbourgians. 

Central European Christians -
Ruler: Martin IV. Martin IV was the pope in the time of the beginning of the scenario (an interesting fact is that there were no popes called Martin II and Martin III).
Area: Central Europe (Mostly Italy), Mediterranean islands.
This civilization consists of the nations in central Europe. This civilization has naval power, and it is the only one that starts with seafaring. 

Eastern European Christians -
Ruler: Przemysl II. Przemysl II was one of the greatest Polish kings. He was the most powerful east European leader in the beginning of the scenario.
Area: East Europe.
The East Europeans became the front after the fall of Byzantine.  

Byzantines -
Ruler: Andronicus II. Andronicus II was one of last Byzantine Emperors. In his time, the Byzantine Empire was collapsing.
Area: Turkey, Greece.
Byzantine is the continuation of the ancient Roman Empire at the East. The Byzantine suffered the most from the Ottomans, and finally they lost their land to them.

Moslems -
Ruler: Mohammed II. Mohammed II was the strongest caliph on North Africa in the 
Area: North Africa.
time of the beginning of the scenario. A sultan with the same name was the Ottoman sultan that conquered Constantinople.
The Moslem land in this scenario is target to Ottoman occupation.

Mongols -
Ruler: Hulagu. Hulagu was the Mongol Khan in that time.
Area: Asia. The entire Mongol Empire could not be represented in the map, but the cities in this scenario are bigger than in the reality.
The Mongol Empire has only one influence on the Ottomans - in 1402 they hold down the Ottoman expansion, after the fight in Ancera. The Mongols are threat from east to the Byzantines, Moslems and Ottomans.

International relations:

The Christian world is split, there are also internal wars. However, alliances are possible against the Moslems or against other Christians.
The Moslem and the Mongols are in war with the Christian. The Christian fragmentation assists their enemies.

Technologies
------------

The Technologies tree was altered, to fit the skills and knowledge of that time. Few Technologies were changed, and few were added.

New Technologies:

Advanced Farming - Enable: Advanced Farming.
Commerce - Prerequisite: Trade, Advanced Farming, Enable: Merchant, Caravansary.
Goldsmiths - Prerequisite: Trade, The Republic, Enable: Goldsmith.
Harness - Prerequisite: Metallurgy, Horseback Riding, Enable: Mobile Cannon.
Heavy Armor - Prerequisite: Christianity, Horseback Riding, Enable: Heavy Knights.
Longbow - Prerequisite: Warrior Code, Enable: Longbowmen.
Ottoman Warfare - Prerequisite: Turkish Enable: Yanichars, Siphas.
Sieges - Prerequisite: Mathematics Enable: Oil Pour, Siege Tower, Ballistra.
There are also Arabic, Christianity, European Warfare, Islam, Khan, Light Riding and Turkish. These are all unique technologies. They should not be traded or given. Their function is to enable special units, city improvement, wonders and appearance.

Units
-----

The prerequisites and the properties of some existing units were altered.

New Units: 
(ADM = Attack, Defense, Movement; HP = Hit power, Firepower; C = Cost)
Ottoman:

Turks -
ADM: 6/2/2 HP: 1/1
These units represent Ottoman's army. The use of these units is to conquer the first Ottoman cities.

Yanichars - 
Prerequisite: Ottoman Warfare.
ADM: 5/4/1 HP: 1/1 C: 30
These were the "secret weapon" of the Ottoman Empire. They were Christian boys that was taken from their home and got intensive training. The Yanichars were loyal to the sultan and were the core of the Ottoman army.

Siphas -
Prerequisite: Ottoman Warfare.
ADM: 6/3/2 HP: 1/1 C: 40
These were Ottoman Knights.

Ottoman -
ADM: 7/5/8 HP: 2/1
Ottoman established the Ottoman Empire. The sultan can not be too far from his empire, therefor Ottoman unit must return to a city every two turns. Ottoman ignores the terrain type.

Christian:

Heavy Knights -
Prerequisite: Heavy Armor.
ADM: 7/4/1 HP: 2/1 C: 60
Their heavy armor weights 30 kg. The heavy knights didn't need a shield because of their heavy armor, but their mobility was damaged.

Arabs:

Arabian Knights -
ADM: 5/2/2 HP: 1/1/ C: 30
These are the Arabian Knights, as the name indicates.

Light Riders:

Light Horsemen -
ADM: 6/1/3 HP: 1/1 C: 30
Horse Archers -
ADM: 5/2/2 HP: 1/1 C: 40
These units are mobile and used by the Mongols to raid.

Archers:

Crossbowmen -
Prerequisite: Warrior Code.
ADM: 4/1/1 HP: 1/1 C: 20
This unit replaces the Archers unit.

Longbowmen -
Prerequisite: Longbow.
ADM: 5/1/1 HP: 1/1 C: 30
The Longbows were invented in England in the 14th century, and were used for the first time in the 100 years war. The longbowmen were the best infantry. An arrow shot from a long bow could pierce an armor.

Sieges:

Ballistra -
Prerequisite: Sieges.
ADM: 6/1/1 HP: 1/1 C: 30
Ballistra is cheaper, but weaker then catapult.

Siege Tower -
Prerequisite: Sieges.
ADM: 7/2/1 HP: 1/1 C: 60
Sieges Towers were used against cities before cannons.

Oil Pour -
Prerequisite: Sieges.
ADM: 0/6/0 HP: 1/1 C: 80
This unit represents strong city defenses. It can not leave the city.

Tower -
Defense: 10
This unit is not available, it exist only in Constantinople.

Gunpowder:

Riflemen -
Prerequisite: GunPowder.
ADM: 7/1/1 HP: 2/1 C: 40
These are the first form of riflemen. The charging of the rifles was very slow, therefore they have low defense strength.

Cannon -
Prerequisite: Metallurgy.
ADM: 14/1/1 HP: 2/1 C: 40
Primitive cannon were in use since the 14th century. The use of cannons ended the era of feudalism and its warfare. Cannons help the Ottomans to destroy the Constantinople walls in 1435.

Mobile Cannon -
Prerequisite: Harness.
ADM: 14/1/2 HP: 2/1 C: 50
Harness the cannon to a horse allows it to move faster. With this unit, quick movement of a strong army is possible.

Naval:

Galley -
ADM: 4/2/3 HP: 1/1 C: 40
This was the main naval force until the 16th century. Lephanto fight was the biggest galleys fight.

Trade:

Caravan -
ADM: 0/1/1 HP: 1/1 C: 50
There are two forms of caravans in the scenario, Moslem and Christian.

Merchant -
Prerequisite: Commerce.
ADM: 0/1/2 HP: 1/1 C: 70
Merchants are larger and faster then caravans.


City Improvements
-----------------

Few existing improvements were altered.

New Improvements:

Advanced Farming -
Prerequisite: Advanced Farming
Cost: 80 Maintenance: 3
Replace: Supermarket
Allows better use of the land.

Caravansary -
Prerequisite: Commerce
Cost: 200 Maintenance: 5
Replace: Superhighways
A place for carvans to rest in their route. Increases the trade.

Goldsmith -
Prerequisite: Goldsmiths
Cost: 120 Maintenance: 3
Replace: Bank
Goldsmith was the early form of banks. They created the money and people could trust them with they treasury.

Mosque -
Cost: 100 Maintenance: 2
Replace: Colosseum
The Moslem form of temple.

Shipyard -
Prerequisite: Seafaring
Cost: 80 Maintenance: 3
Replace: Port Facilities.
Creates veteran naval units and repair damaged naval unit quickly.

Wonders of the World
--------------------

Original wonders - The Pyramids, The Colossus, The Lighthouse and Marco Polo's Embassy were all placed in the appropriate cities.
New wonders - The Dome of Rock, Hagia Sophia and The Vatican are taken from "The Viking Age Scenario" by Harlan Thompson.
Constantinople Walls don't have any effect, they represent the strong walls of the city.
Michlangelo's Chapel, Copernicus' Observatory and Magelan's Expedition have not been built yet.

Strategy
--------
The Ottomans start with the Ottoman unit, this is very powerful unit, use it to conquer enemy cities. Try to avoid the lost of the ottoman unit. The Ottomans start with technology backwardness, try to develop technologies as soon as possible. The Ottoman Monarchy is better then others', to make the expansion easier.
When you play the Central Europeans, try to expand in Europe and to conquer land in Africa. Use Diplomacy to gain peace with some of your neighbors.
If you play the East Europeans, assist the Byzantines to protect their border from east.
The Byzantines separate east from west, they have enemies from every direction.
If you play the Moslems, try to restrain the Mongols and even to conquer the Mongol cities.
The Mongols and Ottomans have light ridden unit, this units may help you to move quickly, to raid and to draw back quickly.
Cannons can be very usuful to gain strategic adantage. 
Constaninople was the biggest and most important city in the ancient world. It is also important in this scenario.

Thanks To
---------

I used Harlan Thompson's images from "The Viking Age Scenario" for 3 of the wonders.
I also used few images from the ancient units collection by Harlan Thompson.
Few images were taken from other places.

Notes
-----

- Few changes in the rules of the game were done to fit the time and the place of the scenario. (Cosmic principals, terrain types, governments, leaders, trading commodities)
- The scenario is not 100% historically accurate. Some changes were done in order to make the scenario more playable, or just because of the limitations of civilization II.
- You may distribute this scenario freely, as long as you don't change it and all of the (32) files stay together.

    Yahav Nussbaum
    yahavnu@telem.openu.ac.il
