05-09-2000 22:22									#1
	AI Beelines Support Apolyton or Terrorists Win

Wow! This place has slowed down quite a bit in the last few months. I guess people aren't coming back after summer vacation like was thought by many. It might be just the opposite.

Anyway, I think this will be a very good thread if some people participate.

This thread is about particular beelines that each AI makes. It might be in particular interest for the Believer, Datajack (are there any?), or maybe the Drone players. The reason I say that is because those players, myself included get at least half of their techs on the grift. So you might want to know what techs you might steal ahead of time. Also, if you are playing against a probe-low tech team, and you know they plan to steal tech, then you might want to know what tech they will, or will not be stealing.

This is the catalyst for the idea of this thread. I was playing another one of my hotseat games (against myself). This time it was the Drones against the Believers. The Drones got a big continent with the Hive and the Spartans on it. The Spartans beat the Hive and Domai beat the Spartans. So he had a huge base to work on. Miriam started on a small size island. She actually was not doing too bad. She was kicking back (at war with no one since Santiago beat the #$%^ out of Yang) and stealing tech from Aki-Zeta.

Aki-Zeta beelines for Pre-Sentinent Algorithms and Fusion Power. She tends to neglect D: AP. AMA is included in her beeline though. Domai got Sythetic Fossil Fuels from an Artifact. Then he researched D: AP.

Even though Miriam had Fussion reactor and AAA tracking Domai was harrassing the #$%%^ out of her with his Aircraft, and there was nothing she could do with out air power. He was destroying her enhancements and killing her formers and supply crawlers. Then the game crashed. Boo hoo. It was a fun one.

Anyway, here are some more AI beelines that I know.

Yang, Marr- D: AP

Zak, Aki- Pre-Sentient Algorithms etc.

Santiago- Superstring, AMA (I think)

Dee- Centauri Empathy, Meditation

Morgan- Environmental Economics

Anymore you guys can think of?

	06-09-2000 03:21									#2
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This is a great idea! I think the best way to figure this out definitively is to make a beeline for the Empath Guild and then keep track of all the AI tech choices throughout a game. It would be interesting to see how they vary from game to game (does the AI research Doc: Flex earlier on a water-logged world?)or if the research is pre-determined. I wonder if it is diferent from level to level? I will take a look this evening.

	06-09-2000 04:37									#3
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As far as I have been able to tell, the AI always plays as if it were using blind research, doing essentially random techs in accordance with it's faction priorities. I'd be interested if kt_butts shows me to be wrong, though. The easier way to test would be with the scenario editor, just cheat EG or infiltrators and then switch back to a hidden map.

	06-09-2000 04:39									#4
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Hey, that would be easier! I'll see what I can do.

	06-09-2000 08:37									#5
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Blind research would give the factions different discoveries every game. I'm pretty certain that that is not the case. It is true though that they tend to stick to their faction agendas. For example, Morgan researches build techs first and Zak researches discover techs first.

	09-09-2000 01:20									#6
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Eh... Excuse me... hmm... eh... could someone tell me please... what's a beeline ... ?

	09-09-2000 05:02									#7
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Beeline is a term that builders have made popular. For example, beeline to Ind. Auto is researching everything in the path to Ind. Auto in order to research Ind. Auto as soon as possible. I don't really do it as much as some people do. What this thread really asks is "in what order do the AIs research technology.

	13-09-2000 09:09									#8
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As far as I know, rather than using beelines, the AI researches the technology which (s)he is most interested in at present, rather than looking to the future. For instance, Santiago's interests are mainly conquer, so she will research the tech which has the greatest conquer value. If you look in the alpha.txt file, at the tech tree, each technology has four numbers next to it. These represent explore, discover, build and conquer (though not in that order) values for that particular technology. These are what the AI uses. For instance, Santiago might have a choice between High Energy Chem. and Nonilnear Maths.
HEC has a conquer value as 3, but NM's value is 4, so the Santiago AI will always go for NM.

If the AI has two "interests" (Hive has Build and Conquer) the two values are added together. So, faced with the same two choices, NM (Build value 0, conquer 4), and HEC (Build 1, conquer 3), Yang would choose entirely at random.

The only reason AIs generally go for the more powerful techs overall (D:AP for instance) is because overall, the numbers are higher than they would be for less powerful techs (Fusion Power reads 3,4,3,1).

	13-09-2000 09:52									#9
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It doesn't matter why they beeline to D: AP (per say). We are interested in which beeline they go for.

Also, they not only concentrate on one of the four research categories, but they concentrate on certain technologies within that category. For example, Morgan beelines to Enviromental Economics instead of Bio-Engineering (which is the same tech level and also a build technology). Also, Yang beelines to D: AP and not Centauri Meditation (which is the same tech level and also a explore technology). Honestly, I've never seen Morgan research Bio-Engineering before Enviromental Economics, and I've never seen Yang research Centauri Meditation before Air Power. In fact, Yang will always research Gene Splicing before Centauri Empathy just to get to D: AP faster, and Gene Splicing is the same tech level as Centauri Empathy, but it's a build tech.
[This message has been edited by Adam_Smith (edited September 13, 2000).]

	13-09-2000 00:40									#10
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Adam,

"I've never seen Yang research Centauri Meditation before Centauri Meditation."

Wow, really?

I think that mark13's point is that the AI doesn't really beeline.. that is, it doesn't pick techs because they are on the way to Doc:AP, but just because they suit it's preferences themselves.
Yang's priorities are build, conquer.. the techs on the way to D:AP mostly have high build and conquer values in alpha.txt. The list is

App. Physics
Biogenetics
Doc. Mobility
Ind. Base
Social Psych
Doc. Flex
Ethical Calculus
HEChem
Gene Splicing
Synth. Fossil fuels
Doc. Air Power

All of these have fairly obvious applications for build and conquer. You can check the alpha.txt values for yourself if you like. I think the lowest is Doc: Flex.
To get to Cent. Meditiation, he would need to get past things like Secrets of the Human Brain and Centauri Empathy, which are both very low for both build and conquer ratings. He ignores them for this reason, and just sort of ends up at D:AP (though there seems to be a random element, so perhaps he could get to Centauri Meditiation first once in a very long while.)
With regard to Morgan, it takes a 3 more techs to get to bio-engineering compared to environmental economics, many of which have low build values - neural grafting and MMI, for example. The beeline to Env. Eco is full of build techs.

In this case, kt_butts should find that the AI follows no set route through the tech tree, though it will tend to research many of the same techs. A record of how it progressed in a number of games should give clear evidence.

	13-09-2000 23:40									#11
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So far, my findings have been inconclusive. I started with the SMAC 4.0 factions. As of now I've followed 4 games, 3 standard Random and 1 huge 90% ocean. I played all as Morgan (just for consistency). Although the paths were similiar, none of the factions followed the same paths from game to game. This would support the other theories posted. However, in the 90% huge game, Doc: Flex was researched much earlier by all of the factions (the one exception was miriam). This leads me to believe that there are certain map variables that affect AI beelines. At this point, I have limited data (a stream of visiting relatives and a girlfriend whom is becoming salty with my SMAC addiction are conspiring to drag me away from my laptop), but my next step is to check for research patterns when the map size changes. My guess is that the Momentum factions will not beeline to conquest techs as quickly when the map is larger. When I'm finished I will provide further update.
[This message has been edited by kt_butts (edited September 13, 2000).]

	14-09-2000 07:13									#12
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Oops! Sorry for that mess up. That sort of ruined my whole post. That should be, "I've never seen Yang research Centauri Meditation before D: AP."

As far as the techs that you have posted for beelines to D: AP, there are as many explore techs in there as there are anything else. There are even a lot of Discover techs in there.

That all misses the point though. Why are we discussing the path to D: AP? The fact is that Yang beelines to it. I don't care about the programming.

	14-09-2000 16:10									#13
	Put an end to popups!

After several lengthy investigations of this phenomenon, it appears that in my original theory, I may have been slightly off the mark. The case that disproved my theory was the Hive getting D:AP very quickly in a number of games.

Although the four values have a large say in what the computer chooses to research, after several games I have concluded that it may be incorrect to state that the AI doesn't beeline after all.

On the way to D:AP, Yang would have to go through both Synthetic Fossil Fuels and Doctrine: Flexibility. These two, although they are explore techs, have a build/conquer value of 3 (not great), whereas D:AP has a build/conquer value of 6. The fact is that although better options were available for his build/conquer strategy, Yang decided to forego these alternatives to research Synthetic Fossil Fuels. There can only be three plausible reasons for him doing this:

1) It gives him better weaponry, and so may have a higher conquer value than it appears,

2) It leads directly to D:AP, a technology with massive build/conquer values.

3) It has the highest build/conquer value of the techs currently available (unlikely at only 3)

The former seems implausible considering the AI conquer value (surely it should be higher than 1?).
The latter may appear plausible at first, however:

Silksteel Alloys has a build/conquer value of 7, and its two prerequisites, Subatomic Theory and IndAuto also have very high build/conquer values (both have four).

In which, case, by process of elimination, it looks as though it does indeed beeline. However, this still doesn't explain why it doesn't beeline straight for Silksteel, because that actually has a higher build/conquer value than D:AP!!

This puzzling development leads me to only one logical conclusion: The AI chooses technologies, at least partly, on circumstance (a theory also proved by kt_butts), the main reason being:

- Yang is generally on the offensive in this part of the game, and may need D:AP to continue an effective assault.

Note that this is the case even if that means beelining to appropriate technologies. If that is the case, then I can only congratulate the programmers of this remarkable game for developing a consistent enough formula for this to work.
[This message has been edited by mark13 (edited September 14, 2000).]
[This message has been edited by mark13 (edited September 14, 2000).]

	15-09-2000 02:55									#14
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Adam,

The AI value of techs is more complex than build, conquer etc. See mark13's earlier post. The idea of knowing why the AI beelines is that if we do, then it becomes predictable, enhancing the empirical side.

mark13 & ky_butts,

Interesting! It appears that we underestimated Firaxis. I had rather assumed that Synth fossil fuels had a high conquer value (overestimated Firaxis. )
If you want to do more testing, it would be interesting to move the needlejet chassis to a completely different tech and see what happens. Same with the foil chassis, TFs, energy restricitons.. maybe also swap around the order of the factions in alpha.txt, to see whether this is caused by something in the faction files or by something about the faction's slot. That could be important to faction makers.
[This message has been edited by Simpson II (edited September 14, 2000).]

	15-09-2000 04:21									#15
	Remove this text

Make that a triple post. Someone delete this, pleeeeease!!!!
[This message has been edited by mark13 (edited September 14, 2000).]

	15-09-2000 04:23									#16
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Double post. What am I doing wrong here?

[This message has been edited by mark13 (edited September 14, 2000).]

	15-09-2000 04:24									#17
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SII,

An interesting idea, and one which I have tested in 2 seperate games. In the first, secrets to the Needlejet chassis lay in Centauri Meditation (yeah, right )
and my results were as follows:

- In the first game, Yang did not TOUCH Doctrine: Air Power until at least 50 years after I had it (I went to it as I normally would). Instead, it went down toward Ind. Auto, before striding down to Superstring Theory, not going anywhere near Centauri Meditation. It then acquired Centauri Empathy (from another faction), and then went straight to Centauri Meditation, immediately BEFORE Doctrine: Air Power.

- In the second game, the Foil chassis could be acquired upon the discovery of Centauri Empathy (another logical transfer). Yang was trapped on a little island (big enough for about 5 bases at most).
The research pattern went as follows:

1) Applied Physics (obvious military applications)
2) Social Psych (prereq. for CE, obvious build apps)
3) Centauri Ecology (immediate prereq. for CE)
4) Information Networks (prereq. for Nonlinear Maths, BIG conquer tech)
5) Biogenetics (prereq. for CE)
6) Secrets of the Human Brain (build/conquer value 0 BUT immediate prereq. to CE)
7) Centauri Empathy

Draw what conclusion you will from that, but it gives strong evidence on the part of AI beelining. But, from the first game, there is clearly a limit as to how far the AI will go in order to get a key technology, or a key chassis, in this case.

Regarding the faction files, there is absolutely nothing in the faction files themselves, and there doesn't seem to be anything coded.

Also, any critics who want to criticise SMAC for being a "copy" of Civ II, should read each of the above posts. The fact is that the SMAC AI is VASTLY superior to that of Civ II (read "Dumbest AI contest" thread in the Civ II Strategy forum).

Once again, well done Firaxis!



[This message has been edited by mark13 (edited September 14, 2000).]

	15-09-2000 22:54									#20
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Mark13, don't worry about Adam_Smith, he seems to have a marked aversion to experiments for some reason. I applaud your efforts to find out the why of AI beelines. If you happen to come up with any other reasoning, please let us know.

And A_S, I would be interested to know if you have discovered anyother beelines past D:A. I tend to play games much furthur than that, and if you've noticed the AI beelining for a particular level 8 or 9 tech, I would very much like to know.

	16-09-2000 02:20									#21
	Put an end to popups!

Ooooooh......
A tough challenge you set, Fitz, given my limited experience in this part of the game. However, there may be limited findings in this part of the game, as the tech tree severely narrows at about Level 7. However, the basic beelines are outlined thus:

Morgan - Industrial Nanorobotics - it has a build value of EIGHT
Yang - Unified Field Theory
Santiago - also Unified Field Theory
Deirdre - all the "Centauri" techs (Psi, Genetics etc.)
Miriam - when she gets that far, similar to Yang.
Lal - not sure, tends to go down Explore and Discover fields, I'd guess at Secrets of Alpha Centauri.
Zakharov - tends to go for reactor upgrades (e.g. Fusion Power, Quantum Power, Singularity Mechanics)

Again I would stress that the tech tree narrows severely from about Level 7 on, and as I concluded earlier, some tech advances depend partly on circumstance.

	17-09-2000 09:45									#22
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Adam:

Of course all experienced players know the AI bee-lines. We're trying to work out the rules so that poor saps like you can work it out, rather than coming around asking everyone what they are. (just kidding.. )

mark13,

I know there is nothing in the faction files to change the AI behaviour other than the build, explore etc. flags, but Tim Train indicated that they programmed faction-specific behaviours in addition to these. If so, the only real way to do that would be to associate the behaviour with a particular faction 'slot' in alpha.txt. So perhaps swapping e.g. the HIVE, HIVE line with the UNIV, UNIV one would produce different behaviours?

I'm afraid I've very little idea about late-game beelines. Lal likes pre-sentient algorithms, and someone like advanced spacelight, but by this time all of the AIs are usually pacted and swapping techs like mad, so I don't know who. Also I usually transcend at about that point, so I've no idea what the AI does later on.

	16-09-2000 23:27									#23
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SII,

I hadn't thought of that factor, that maybe the slots themselves might have an effect. On further analysis:

- University on massive (256x256 planet) on scenario editor, in the slot of the Hive. Technological advances were as follows:

Ind. Base (from pod), Planetary Networks, Polymorphic Software, Biogenetics, Applied Physics, Centauri Ecology, Social Psych, Optical Computers, Doc. Flex (on 50-70% planet), Secrets of Human Brain, Doc. Loy. (as bonus from Sec. Brain), Ethical Calculus, Intellectual Integrity, Cyberethics, Advanced Subat. Theory.......

I didn't go any further, beacuse these research traits do not, in any way, represent those of the Hive. Steering well clear of D:AP, it looks to be heading straight for Fusion Power.

A second game monitoring Hive tech progress in the slot of the University yielded similar results (following usual Hive threads):

App. Phy, Inf. Net, Social Psych, Nonlinear Maths etc.

	24-09-2000 22:21									#24
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Wow! Cool.

Thanx for contributing guys.

I'm not sure about what techs the AIs shoot for past level 6. The reason is that I never paid that much attention. By that time the game is usually decided and I start another one or I'm not dependent on what the AI is researching. There are some exceptions to that though. Sometimes some of Aki Zeta's and Zak's research is usefull. I think I remember them going for discover techs. I've never really been in a research race down the line with the AI (that would be fun). I take what I need from them and then I never need them again, because I pull ahead.

I think that the AIs (in general) try for Orbital Spaceflight and Advanced Space flight before other techs of similar level. I'm thinking in particular to the two PBEM games that I'm playing that have advanced to that level. In one of them Datajack has been researching Orbital Spaceflight for some time (probably I will end up giving it to her). I will let everyone know if she goes one to Organic Superlube and then to Advanced Spaceflight after that.

The other game I'm in is with Yang AI. He's actually winning, because my opponent and I are fighting to the death. I just built a nuke for him, and should be able to nuke a size 16 base. On the otherhand there is no real chance for me to win. I'm only able to stay alive as Yang's ally. Anyway, Yang has researched Orbital Spaceflight. I stoled Organic Superlube from Pirates, and traded that to Yang for Orbital Spaceflight. Now Yang is trying for Advanced Spaceflight. He doesn't have Unified Field Theory or even Mogpole Magnets yet.

Does anyone know what techs the following factions tend to strive for:

Believers
Peacekeepers
Either of the Aliens
The Planet Cult
The Angels
The Drones
The Pirates (I think they go similar to the Spartans)

	25-09-2000 11:34									#25
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In single-player, both aliens regularly get D:AP before I do. Considering as I usually have several more techs by this time than they do (I play blind research), I suspect that they're beelining.

	26-09-2000 04:19									#26
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its obvious the cult goes similar to the gaians, the caretakers might too because of the +1 planet etc

the usurpers probably go up to D:AP much like yang, as the 2 are very similar

thats about all i can think of, roze is probably like lal, in other words, we have no idea

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	26-09-2000 04:22									#27
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oops

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http://thangorodrim.angband.org/angband.html (alright meybe i didnt make it)
[This message has been edited by Qualicide (edited September 26, 2000).]

	03-10-2000 06:17									#28
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AI research choice is even more sophisticated than that --it also takes into account SP's and which SP's have been built.

Pirates beeline for Adaptive Doctrine and Cult beelines for Centauri Genetics because of the free abilities and facilities (same with Roze and Presentient).

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Creator of the Ultimate Builder Map, based on the Huge Map of Planet