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Spiffor is offline Spiffor
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Nov 2001
time: 06:26
Red face  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:24
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US army to command humanitarian NGOs Remove this text

From Libération
(couldn't find an article on the issue on BBC, so read homemade translation under)

quote:
Missions exploratoires dans les pays limitrophes de l'Irak, élaboration de scénarios d'intervention par les états-majors, revue des effectifs disponibles : les humanitaires, eux aussi, vivent leur veillée d'armes. Des interrogations, de type opérationnel, assez banales pour ces spécialistes de l'aide d'urgence. Sauf que, dans le cas irakien celles-ci se doublent d'un autre questionnement qui met directement en jeu leur indépendance et leur impartialité.

Le Pentagone a, en effet, récemment annoncé la création d'un Office de la reconstruction et de l'aide humanitaire. Placé sous l'autorité directe de l'état-major et dirigé par un général à la retraite, Jay Garner, cet organisme affirme vouloir faciliter l'intervention des ONG, et non pas les encadrer. Mais cette profession de foi n'a pas convaincu les French doctors.

Alarme. Hier, plusieurs associations françaises ont décidé d'exprimer publiquement leur inquiétude. Dans un communiqué commun, Action contre la faim (ACF), Médecins du monde (MDM), Handicap international, Première Urgence, Solidarités, et Enfants du monde proclament leur refus «de subordonner (leur) action sur le terrain à une autorité militaire qui est partie au conflit». Et de rappeler que «l'action humanitaire ne peut pas être considérée comme une arme au service d'objectifs militaires».

Un point inquiète particulièrement ces ONG : ce sont les Américains qui leur donneraient le feu vert pour pénétrer dans les «zones sécurisées» au préalable par les soldats américains. Les ONG françaises rétorquent que «limiter (notre) intervention aux zones pacifiées dans le sillage des troupes, c'est dénaturer l'aide humanitaire en lui imposant un choix entre les victimes». Elles redoutent plus que tout la confusion qui pourrait alors s'installer dans les esprits.

Début février, une douzaine d'associations s'étaient déjà alarmées de la mise en place, en Afghanistan, d'«équipes de reconstruction régionale» composée de réservistes américains. Elles dénonçaient alors le risque d'un «ciblage de l'aide (...) en faveur des régions dont le pouvoir local est favorable à la coalition menée par les Etats-Unis».

«Nous sommes fermement opposés à ce que j'appellerai l'humanitaire Darty, le service après-vente de la guerre», résume Jean-Christophe Rufin, le président d'ACF. Ses équipes se sont récemment rendues au Koweït, où l'armée américaine a déjà installé un centre humanitaire opérationnel. «Les bungalows trois étoiles climatisés, très peu pour nous.»

«Pragmatiques». Les French doctors entendent donc préserver leur autonomie sur le terrain. Mais de quelle marge de manoeuvre disposeront-ils ? «Les défenseurs du "sans-frontiérisme" que nous sommes ne vont pas baisser les bras devant le premier obstacle», assure Alain Boinet, le directeur de Solidarités. En clair, les Français comptent passer, avec ou sans l'autorisation des Américains. «J'imagine mal les GI's nous bloquer devant les caméras», ajoute un responsable d'ONG.

Médecins sans frontières (qui n'a pas signé le communiqué) estime, de son côté, qu'il sera difficile de travailler en dehors du cadre fixé par le Pentagone. «Nous serons pragmatiques, explique Pierre Salignon, responsable du programme Irak. C'est dans l'action que nous affirmerons notre indépendance, notamment en portant notre effort sur les populations qui seraient négligées par les Américains.» Chez MSF, on souligne aussi que les humanitaires n'ont pas «le monopole de l'assistance» : en tant que partie belligérante, l'armée américaine «a non seulement le droit mais aussi l'obligation d'aider les populations civiles».

Face au risque d'instrumentalisation, d'autres prônent carrément l'abstention. Expats-network, réseau indépendant de quelque 2 300 volontaires humanitaires français (1), fait circuler sur le Net une pétition contre toute assistance en Irak ainsi que dans les pays limitrophes. «Si ce conflit éclate, nous serons appelés à être les supplétifs d'une armée d'agression», s'insurge le réseau, qui affirme avoir recueilli en dix jours une centaine de signatures. «Par notre appel en forme de provocation, nous voulons susciter une réflexion au sein des ONG, précise Hervé Gonsolin, l'un de ses fondateurs. A chaque crise, les humanitaires se précipitent sans se poser de questions. Mais sur quelle base déontologique agissons-nous ?»

«Interdit de déserter». Dans leur communiqué, les «poids lourds» de l'humanitaire français récusent certes «la nécessité» d'une intervention militaire en Irak «compte tenu des possibilités pacifiques de désarmement». Mais, précise Rufin, «notre vocation nous interdit de déserter». «L'absence de volontaires et d'organisations françaises sur le terrain ne ferait que renforcer le contrôle de l'aide apportée aux Irakiens par la coalition proaméricaine», complète un membre d'une ONG. De retour d'une longue mission en Afghanistan, où il a côtoyé de près les soldats américains, il parle en connaissance de cause.


"Scouting missions in countries bordering Iraq, design of scenarios by the high command, review of available troops : humanitarians, too, are preparing for war. Operational questions among the specialists of emergency aid are ordinary for this kind of interventions. Except that, in the Iraqi case, these questions are bundled with others, which threatens immediately their independance and their impartiality.

The Pentagon has indeed recently created an Office for Reconstruction and Humanitaria Assistance. Under the direct authority of the high command, and led by a retired general, Jay Garner, this organism explains it wants to ease the work of the NGOs, and not limit [I'm uncomfortable with the word "encadrer", it literally means "putting a frame around them"] them. But this declaration didn't convince the
French doctors.

Alarm. Yesterday, several French NGOs have publically expressed their worries. In a common press communication, Action contre la faim (ACF), Médecins du monde (MDM), Handicap international, Première Urgence, Solidarités, and Enfants du monde claim their refusal «to subordonate (their) action to a military authority taking part in the conflict». And they remind that «humanitarian action cannot be deemed as a weapon serving a military agenda».

One point worries these NGOs more than others : the Americans are those who'd allow them to to enter the «safe zones», previously secured by American soldiers. French NGOs reply that «to limit (ou() intervention to safe zones following the troops means a degeneration of humanitarian aid, by forcing it to choose between the victims». They fear more than everything the confusion that could follow.

Early February, a dozen of NGOs were alarmed by the creation of «regional recontruction teams» in Afghanistan, made of American reservists. They warned against the risk of «targeted aid (...) in favor of regions whose authorities are favorable to the US-led coalition».

«We are firmly opposed to what I'd call the Darty [an chain of supermarkets specialized in home appliances] humanitarianism, war's client service», sums Jean-Christophe Rufin, ACF's president. His teams have recently been sent to Kuweit, where the US army already built an operational humanitarian centre. «3-stars, air conditioned bungalows are of no interest to us»

«Pragmatical». Les
French doctors want to keep their autonomy on the field. But what will be their leeway ? «The guardians of "no-frontierism" that we are will not give up in front of the first hindrance», explains Alain Boinet, Solidarités' chairman. To put it bluntly, the French want to pass through, with or without the agreement of the Americans. «I hardly imagine the GI's blocking us in front of the cameras», adds an NGO's official.

Médecins sans frontières (which didn't sign the communication) considers, though, it will be difficult to work without the frame dictated by the Pentagon. «We'll be pragmatic», explainsPierre Salignon, responsible for the Iraq programme. «We'll affirm our independance in the heat of action, including by making a special effort to aid populations who'd get forgotten by the Americans.» At Médecins Sans Frontières, people remind too that humanitarian NGOs do not have «the monopoly of aid» : as one of the warring parties, the US army «not only can, but also must aid civilian populations».

Facing the risk of being instrumentalized, others suggest simply not to go. Expats-network, independent network of 2,300 French humanitarian voluntaries, has launched a petition against all aid in Iraq and in the bordering countries. «If the war begins, we'll be the back-up troops of an agression army», warns the network, which claims to have got a hundred of signatures in 10 days. «With our provocative call, we want to trigger reflexion among the NGOs, precises cofounder Hervé Gonsolin. During every crisis, humanitarians rush to the field without thinking. But what is our deontological foundation ?»

«No desertion». In their communication, the «heavyweights» of French humanitarianism sure reject «the necessity» of a military intervention in Iraq «considering the possibilities of a peaceful disarmament». However, Rufin explains «our vocation forbids us to desert». «The lack of French NGOs there would only strengthen the control over humanitarian aid by the American command», adds an ONG's member. Back from a mission in Afghanistan, where he worked by American soldiers, He knows what he's talking about
"

Last edited by Spiffor on 04-03-2003 at 20:33

DinoDoc is offline DinoDoc
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time: 23:26
  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:28
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Unless there is a severe problem with your translation, I can not seem to find any reference to a "Office for Reconstruction and humanitarian Aid" on google.

Last edited by DinoDoc on 04-03-2003 at 20:34

DinoDoc is offline DinoDoc
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:31
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Nevermind. I found it under the name of Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance.

Spiffor is offline Spiffor
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:33
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I am a tad puzzled about this.
I admit America's efforts to think about the postwar reconstruction, even though they leave varey much to be desired, are a step in the good direction to make the consequences of the war less dire.
A coordination of humanitarian help, in that meaning, woudl be good news, as it would allow the many NGOs there not to be unefficient because of a lack of coordination among them.

However, I think the NGOs' fears are very justified : such a military command over NGOs would create confusion between independant, civilian help and US army. It might lead to a bad welcome for them in anti-american communities, make the NGOs targets of some anti-american resistance, and hence really distort their mission.
Also, there is the big problem of clientelism, which I'm sure the US army will show, because its priorities and ethics are not the same as humanitarians'.
The US wants to get legitimacy in the area, and to seethe the suffering of the civilian population to avoid revolts or bad PR. Humanitarians are people who devoted their lives to save others, for the sake of it.

Overall, I think the US would be wise to promote a civilian / independant coordination of NGOs (I assume such a coordination already exists to some extent, but leaves to be desired), even though a military coorddination might be more self-serving at short term.

Spiffor is offline Spiffor
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:34
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DD :
Edited

MichaeltheGreat is offline MichaeltheGreat
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Oct 1999
time: 21:26
  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:35
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Hopefully, and I'm fairly optimistic on this score, the military collapse by the Iraqis will be fast enough that the boundary between secure areas and not secure areas will change faster than the aid will move.

The motivation of most Iraqi forces to fight will be abysmal, although Baghdad may or may not be a problem, depending on whether or not the IRG is there in force.

DinoDoc is offline DinoDoc
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:39
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quote:
Originally posted by Spiffor
Overall, I think the US would be wise to promote a civilian / independant coordination of NGOs

Garner is a civilian.

Spiffor is offline Spiffor
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 20:57
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Either the article is lying, or the Humanitarian cell of the US army is under the direct control of the High command, and is led by a former general.
I harldy call it an independant/civilian coordination, even though the lead formally isn't a member of the US army anymore.

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  Old Post 04-03-2003 21:12
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I don't think the US is doing this to use Humanitaian aid as a 'weapon' to force Iraqis to our side if they want aid: but it is obvious that the Military does want to control movement within Iraq once it goes in, and this control, they feel, must extend not only to the Press, but also NGO's.
Whether it is a good idea, I don't know. You can't control everything, speacilly when Iraq is so easy to get to compared to Afghanistan, and peole have had months of preparation knowing this crisis is to come.

DanS is offline DanS
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 21:12 Visit DanS's homepage!
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I think that the US wants the credit for making Iraq instantly a better place in which to live. So for a short while, NGOs may not be that welcome. This is strictly a military and USAID-led affair for a couple of months. USAID has already spent $100 million on it. I'm sure that the military has its engineers ready to bring infrastructure back on line after a decade of everything half-working.

And they remind that «humanitarian action cannot be deemed as a weapon serving a military agenda

This is the nub of the disagreement. I don't think the US wants humanitarian aid as weapon serving a military agenda. Rather, it is to be used as a weapon serving a political agenda in post-war Iraq.

Spiffor is offline Spiffor
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 21:37
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DanS, I completely agree with you

Oerdin is offline Oerdin
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  Old Post 04-03-2003 21:54
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I seem to remember that during the Lebonese civil war several of the different militant groups moved weapons around the country by deguising themselves as NGOs doing humanitarian work. In my six years of Army experience the one thing I have learned is that commanders always want to know who is going in and out of their area of operation so I suspect this is an attempt to keep tabs on who is doing what where and to whom.

That way they can keep a close watch and make sure no one is doing anything they're not supposed to be doing or which they haven't declared to the authorities.

Inverse Icarus is offline Inverse Icarus
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  Old Post 05-03-2003 00:22 Visit Inverse Icarus's homepage!
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first order of business when we assume command, strike that stupid "humanitarian" off the title.

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