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Azeem
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I'm currently working on an East Asia mod, which starts with the Bronze Age to the Imperial Age (towards the end of the Ming Dynasty and the golden age of the Qing in China).
Anyone is free to use these ideas that I'm experimenting on.  Don't expect this to mod to be released publicly, since I'm not much of a programmer or graphic artist. 
There are three eras: the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Steel Age, and the Imperial Age. The beginning of the "Bronze Age" in this scenario is actually at the end of the "Neolithic Age" when nomadic bands eventually become more sedentary and agricultural "tribes".
Civilizations
China
Leader- Emperor Ying Zheng; Capital- Xianyang*; Unique Units- War Chariot, Zhuge Nu, Rider, Treasure Junk
*NOTE: Xianyang was the capital of the Qin, when China was united as an empire. The Xia, the Shang, and the Zhou were earlier dynasties, but it is recongnized by historian that it was in the time of the Qin that China was officially established as a unified empire. So rather than having Anyang (the Shang capital) as the capital city, I had Xianyang instead.
Japan
Leader- Emperor Jimmu*; Capital- Nara; Unique Units- Yari Ashigaru, Samurai, Sohei, Ashigaru Musketman
*NOTE: Yeah, Jimmu Tenno is actually a mythological "first emperor" of Japan, but he is, according to Japanese folk lore, the descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu, the ancestor of the Imperial family. But I had Emperor Jimmu replace Tokugawa since Jimmu Tenno is more of a representative of Japanese culture.
Mongolia
Leader- Genghis Khan Temujin; Capital- Karakorum; Unique Units: Keshik, Mangudai, Turkic Auxilaries*, Chinese Seige Engineers*
*NOTE: One of the Mongols' greatest strengths was that they were willing to incorporate other ethnicities, who had various specialities of their own (such as Chinese seige engineers), into the Mongol army. In their conquests, they employed Turkic, Chinese, Korean, and Persian troops.
Korea
Leader- King Wang Kon; Capital- Seoul*; Unique Units- Korean Horse Archer, Hwarang, Kobukson, Hwacha
*NOTE: I'm not very informed in Korean history, but my sources indicate that Seoul was the location for the old Choson capital. It might have had a different name, but I'm not sure what it is.
EDIT: I'm adding a fourth unique unit to all civs.
Last edited by Azeem on 25-12-2003 at 08:28
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Azeem
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*Adding on.
Resources:
Bonus Resources
Bamboo- +1 Shield, +1 Commerce
Wheat- standard Civ3 values
Fish- standard Civ3 values
Whale- standard Civ3 values
Rice- +2 Food
Gold- +2 Commerce
Oasis- standard Civ3 values
Salt- +1 Commerce
Tea- +1 Commerce
Luxury Resources
Jade- +4 Commerce
Gems- +3 Commerce
Clay- +1 Shield, +1 Commerce; required for "Jingdezhen Porcelain Artisans" small wonder
Lacquer- +2 Commerce; required for "Lacquerware Workshop" improvement
Silk- +2 Commerce; required for "Silk Weaver" improvement and "The Silk Road" wonder
Spices- standard Civ3 values
Strategic Resources
Copper- +1 Shield; required for various Bronze Age units
Iron- +2 Shields; required for various Iron, Steel, and Imperial Age units
Horses- standard Civ3 values; required for all mounted units
Timber- +1 Shield; required for all ships and certain improvements and wonders
Great Wonders
Wan Li Chang Cheng (The Great Wall)
The Silk Road
Daibutsu
The Treasure Fleet (Zheng He's Voyage)
Great Pyramid Tomb (Tomb of the First Emperor)
Sunzi's "The Art of War"
Small Wonders
Jingdezhen Porcelain Artisans
The Forbidden City
Martial Arts Dojo
The Imperial Academy
Grand Pagoda
Last edited by Azeem on 14-12-2003 at 05:41
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LouLong
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French
Nov 2001
time: 13:32
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quote:
Originally posted by Azeem
I'm currently working on an East Asia mod, which starts with the Bronze Age to the Imperial Age (towards the end of the Ming Dynasty and the golden age of the Qing in China).
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Strange you consider the Qing to be the Golden Age of China. Actually the Qing dynasty was Mandchu, not Chinese. Second : Ming means brilliant in Chinese and would fit more as the Chinese Golden Age (albeit the Tang could compete on that one, but much earlier).
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Azeem
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I'm referring to the golden age WITHIN the Qing Dynasty (the reigns of emperors like Kangxi and Qianlong). That golden age ended towards the end of Qianlong's reign. True, the Qing were not "Chinese" but neither were the Tang originally. The name "Chinese" or "Han Chinese" is conceptual, as ALL "Chinese" people are actually a mix of various ethnicities. The concept of "Han Chinese" was an attempt by Sun Zhongshan (Sun Yatsen) to inspire "Chinese" nationalism by blaming the Manchurians for all the problems China faced, so "Han Chinese" was originally a racist and xenophobic concept. Besides, the first Qing emperors, as one of my professors says, "Out-Chinesed" the Chinese themselves as they promoted Chinese arts.
Back to the Tang- there is evidence that the first Tang emperor Taizong may have been partly of Turkic (Central Asian) descent. Even the famous Tang poet Li Bo was actually a Turkic who originated from what is now Xinjiang province in China.
The Ming was a golden age of arts, but had some of the least competent and depraved of emperors. Emperor Taizu was clever, but a completely paranoid (what kind of moron would purge some of his most capable officers???). Just because the Ming called themselves "bright" didn't mean that they were bright at all. The only reason why the Ming Dynasty lasted so long was because the emperors, who spent more time fulfilling their sexual fantasies than anything else, retreated from the business of directly running the country and allowed capable officials to take over.
The early Qing had competent emperors AND a golden age of arts, thus the early Qing period counts as a golden age.
Keep in mind that China is not just a land of "Chinese" people, but a mix of a whole bunch of different ethnicities.
Last edited by Azeem on 15-12-2003 at 03:00
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Azeem
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*More to the list. Note that some of the improvements cause unhappiness. I think I've made it too easy to make people happy, so I also added some improvements that also causes your citizens to be pissed off. 
City Improvements
Palace- standard Civ3 values but with +1 Culture value
Barracks- standaard Civ3 values
Temple- standard Civ3 values
Granary- standard Civ3 values
Marketplace- standard Civ3 values; 5 are required for the "Silk Road" wonder
Library- standard Civ3 values
*Work Camp- +3 shields, costs 2 gold per turn and causes 1 unhappiness
Work Camps represent the conscription of peasant laborers by governments to work on various building projects. Of course, peasant laborers weren't always too happy to work for their government, especially considering the work conditions (millions of peasants died building the Great Wall).
Drama Pavilion- +2 happiness, costs 2 gold per turn
*Although drama developed in East Asia a bit later than classical Greece, East Asian cultures have a rich tradition of drama such as the unique Chinese "operas" and the Japanese Kabuki plays. Like Europe, drama in East Asia was enjoyed by both the elites and the common people.
Academy- +50% Research output, +2 Culture, costs 3 gold per turn
*Learning from the Qin Dynasty's mistake of implementing oppressive Legalist methodology in domestic policies, the Han Dynasty made Confucianism the official national ideology. Confucianism became an important part of government and education, thus a scholar had to be well-versed in the Confucian classics in order to consider himself truly educated. Imperial China was not the only country to have Confucianism as the established ideology; the Koreans aslo implemented Confucianism in government and society.
Buddhist Temple- +1 happiness, +3 Culture, costs 2 gold per turn
*Although not native to East Asian countries (as Buddhism originated from India), Buddhism became one of the most significant traditions to take root in East Asia. After taking root, Buddhism became largely localized. Various Buddhist schools emerged ranging from the widely populary faith-based Pure Land Mahayana school which venerates the Amithaba Buddha (the "Buddha of Infinite Light", not to be confused with the historical Sakyamuni Buddha) to the cryptic, esoteric Chan/Zen traditions which emphasizes the importance of meditation.
Daoist Temple- +1 happiness, +2 Culture, costs 2 gold per turn
*One of the "Three Teachings" of China, Though Daoism is of Chinese origin, its influence spread into the neighboring countries of Korea and Japan. Founded during the Warring States Period by the philosopher known only as Lao-zi, Daoism began as a philosophy which was skeptical of established "learning." Daoism stressed the importance of individuality. The goal of Daoism was to go along with the metaphysical flow of the world and harmony came only from the balance of the complementary forces of yin and yang. Daoism's metaphysics became the basis of martial arts, medicine, and even architecture in East Asia. Though originally a philosophy and metaphysical theory, Daoism later evolved into a religion as a response to Buddhism's popularity.
Courthouse- standard Civ3 values
Harbor- standard Civ3 values
City Administration- allows city to grow to size 2, costs 3 gold per turn
Trade Port- +1 trade to all water tiles, +50% Luxuries, costs 2 gold per turn and requires a harbor
Trade Guild- same values as "Bank"
Artisans' Shops- +2 Shields, costs 2 gold per turn
Execution Site- reduces corruption; causes 1 unhappiness, costs 2 gold per turn
*The death penalty was very, very common. Execution wasn't unfamiliar to the average person. It happened all the time, especially under the reign of a ruler who didn't take criticism lightly (Qin Shi Huang Di of the Qin Dynasty and several of the Ming emperors, for example). When a person was charged with a crime, he or she didn't always have the luxury of a fair trial.
City Walls- standard Civ3 values
Fortifcations- Bombard:8, Defense:25, Naval:8, Naval Bombard:8, costs 2 gold per turn
*Cities are extremely important to any empire, thus many rulers in East Asian countries invested significantly in city defense. The Chinese, who experienced many invasions and civil wars, heavily fortified their cities to withstand seiges and repel invasions.
Hospital- standard Civ3 values
Citizens
Entertainer- increases luxuries
Merchant- increases commerce
Scholar- increases research
Civil Servant- reduces corruption
Last edited by Azeem on 15-12-2003 at 11:18
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Azeem
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*More on Great Wonders.
Great Wonders
Wan Li Chang Cheng (The Great Wall)- adds City Walls to all cities, doubles strength against barbarians, +50 defense strength, does not become obselete, but costs 6 gold per turn (that thing wasn't cheap) and causes 2 unhappiness in the city that builds it (people weren't to pleased to build it)
The Silk Road- +1 trade to all trade-producing tiles, gives the civ free civilization advances, requires 6 Marketplaces and Silk
*The famed "Silk Road" was the great trade route between China and the nations to the west. Due to trade along this route, which passed from the cosmopolitan city of Chang'an to as far west as the Mediterranean city of Antioch, numerous goods as well of ideas were exchanged. Trade with other nations brought prosperity to the Chinese empire. Numerous new ideas and religions, such as Buddhism and Islam, had also entered China via the Silk Road.
Daibutsu- doubles the effects of all Buddhist Temples
*Built in the Kamakura period of Japan (when Kamakura was capital of Japan under the rule of Shogun Minamoto Yoritomo and Emperor Shi-jo), the great Daibustu is a statue of massive proportions. It is approximately 37 feet high and weighs about 93 tons. The Daibutsu statue was cast either by Ono Goroemon or Tanji Hisamoto in around 1252 CE during the time when Buddhism became a powerful religious (and even political) force in Japan. Daibutsu belongs to the Kotokuin Temple of the Jodo sect, which is a Pure Land Mahayana school of Buddhism. The statue itself is a representation of the "Buddha of Infinite Light", the Amitabha Buddha (not to be confused with the historical Sakyamuni Buddha), who is known as "Amidabutsu" in Japan.
The Treasure Fleet (Zheng He's Voyage)- same effect as "Magellan's Voyage"
*Zheng He, a Muslim eunuch of the Ming Dynasty Imperial court, is the most famous Chinese navigator in East Asian history. His "Treasure Fleet" consisted of numerous massive "Treasure Ships", which were the pinnacle of Chinese naval technology in the Ming Dynasty. Zheng He went on many voyages to distant lands as an explorer. But unlike European exploration, the voyages of Zheng He did not lead to China becoming an imperialist colonial power, although it did give China a bit more exposure to the outside world. According to some historians, Zheng He may have sailed as far as the West coast of North America.
Great Pyramid Tomb (Pyramid Tomb of Emperor Qin)- same effect as "Great Pyramid"
*King Ying Zheng of the Qin Dynasty became known in history as Qin Shi Huang Di, the First Emperor of China. Uniting China through force and ruling with an iron fist, Qin Shi Huang Di is one of the most controversial figures in Chinese history. Emperor Qin unified the warring states, which had been tearing each other apart for centuries, and transformed China into a mighty empire, but on the other hand, he was paranoid and an egomaniac. Thousands suffered due to his madness. Emperor Qin constructed a massive pyramid tomb near what is now the city of Xi An, which was only recently discovered. According to historical records, the tomb of Emperor Qin contains all the wealth of the Qin Empire, but is also filled with lethal booby traps.
Sunzi's "The Art of War"- standard Civ3 values
Last edited by Azeem on 17-12-2003 at 00:19
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Azeem
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Units
*I'm still deciding what the values should be so I'll add them in later. I also haven't decided which eras certain UUs should be in (need to do some extra research on that ). The names for the eras are also subject to change ("Steel Age" sounds too awkward ). Again, you are free to use these ideas in your mods.
NOTE: This list is far from being completed. There's still a lot I will add later on.
Bronze Age
Warrior
Bronze Axeman
Archer
Bronze Spearman
Chariot
War Chariot (Chinese UU)
*Although War Chariots were very much used in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East, the Bronze Age Chinese had also made significant use of chariots for military purposes.
Galley
Iron Age
Swordsman
Iron Pikeman
Crossbowman
*Crossbows were very effective and very ancient weapons in Eastern Asia. They were used significantly in the armies of the Chinese Empire by the times of the Han.
Sampan
*Though much smaller than the "Junk" ship, the Sampan was equally as advanced in its design as the Junk. Sampans were used for transport, fishing, etc.
Fanchuan (a.k.a. "Junks")
Hwarang (Korean UU)
*The "Hwarang" organization of Korea's past is apparently interpreted by scholars in many different ways ranging from fierce martial arts warriors to an organization of gay men (  ). But despite the controversy, the "Hwarang" have been an important part of Korean history (interestingly, the title "Hwarang" is commonly used in modern Korea). According to many sources, the "Hwarang" came into existence during the time of the kingdom of Silla. Strangely, the "Hwarang" were known as "Flower Knights". But regardless of their unusual name, many sources claim that they were expert martial artists that practiced a martial art known as "Hwarangdo".
Horseman
Steel Age
Heavy Cavalry
Samurai (Japanese UU)
Imperial Age
Cannon Warship
Zhuge Nu (a.k.a. the "Chu-ko-nu"; Chinese UU)
*Named after the famous "Three Kingdoms" era strategist, Zhuge Liang, the Zhuge Nu was a crossbow that could fire a succession of darts without having to manually reload them. Some versions could fire two darts at the same time. The Zhuge Nu was easy to use and very deadly. By the time of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhuge Nu utilized a magazine containing up to ten darts. NOTE: Although the Zhuge Nu was invented in the "Three Kingdoms" era, the Zhuge Nu in its most advanced form existed in the Ming Dynasty, thus I have it in the "Imperial Age".
Mangudai (Mongol UU)
Sohei (Japanese UU)
Kobukson (Korean UU)
Last edited by Azeem on 02-01-2004 at 05:58
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wangyushi
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It's a good idea. I'll try it.
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wangyushi
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It's a good idea. I'll try it. Thanks.
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Azeem
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A bit of info on the UUs I've added:
Treasure Junk (Chinese UU)
The great "Treasure Ships" of Zheng He's fleet in the Ming Dynasty were the some of the most advanced and largest ships in the world during their time. These "Treasure Ships" were the pinnacle of Chinese naval engineering. Zheng He, with his fleet of these gigantic ships, went on numerous voyages to distant lands. Some historians say that there's even evidence that Zheng He's fleet may have sailed as far as the western coast of North America. During the Ming Dynasty, the Imperial navy played an important part in protecting ocean trade routes and fighting off Japanese pirates, who had constantly preyed on trade vessels.
Ashigaru Musketman (Japanese UU)
The introduction of gunpowder weapons such as muskets and arquebuses completely changed Japanese warfare during the Sengoku Jidai (the "Age of the Country at War", a.k.a. the Japanese "Warring States Period"). In the past, skilled samurai determined the outcomes of battle. But now with the introduction of easy-to-use muskets, even the highly unskilled Ashigaru (conscripted peasant soldiers) can kill even the fiercest samurai.
Chinese Siege Engineer (Mongol UU)
One of the biggest strengths of the Mongol conquerors (besides their terror tactics) were their willingness to employ people of various ethnicities in their armies. Each of the ethnicities that the Mongols employed contributed greatly to the Mongolian army such as the Mongol use of Persian and Turkic troops. The Mongols, in their conquest of China even employed Chinese siege engineers, who sided with the Mongols against the northern Jin Dynasty (who were a foreign tribe called the "Jurchens" that conquered the northern regions of China earlier).
Korean Horse Archer (Korean UU)
Horse Archers were very common in East Asia, especially among the Mongolians and the Koreans. Archery in Korea is a respected martial art, as it takes a high degree of skill to use the bow effectively.
Note on Leaderheads: I'm not a graphic artist, so I'm not going to make animated leaderheads and I'm defintely not going to use Civ3's hideous leaderheads . So I'll simply have still leaderheads. But rather than using simply flags (like some of the Conquest scenarios), I'll use ancient paintings of these individuals (Yin Zheng, Jimmu Tenno, Genghis Khan, and Wang Kon).
Last edited by Azeem on 25-12-2003 at 09:16
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Azeem
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Additional Wonders
*I think it's definately unfair to focus heavily on China and Japan's wonders while ignoring some of the treasures of other nations. There aren't any Mongol wonders since the Mongols in their heyday didn't really build anything of massive scale (besides conquering things of massive scale ). These Wonders might or might not be added in. Depends on whether or not I can find anyone to do the graphics for them.
Changdeokgung- +4 Culture, +1 Happiness to all cities
*Known as the "Palace of Prospering Virtue" in Korean, Changdeokgung is one of the most impressive palaces built in Korea. It was used by the kings of the Choson when the capital was moved to Hanyang (Seoul). The construction of Changdeokgung was ordered by King Taejong in October of the year 1404. Unlike Gyeongbokgung Palace, the main palace at Hanyang, Changdeokgung Palace was much more purely Korean as it was built according to Korean specifications handed down from Korea's "Three Kingdoms" Period.
The Potala Palace- +3 Culture, Buddhist Temples are built in every city
*The most noticeable feature of Lhasa, the Potala Palace sits majestically upon Marpo Ri hill. When Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, it became a major part of Tibetan way of life, thus it is fitting that legends surrounding the Potala Palace include Buddhist mythology. According to legend, the hill that the Potala Palace was built upon had a cave that was the dwelling place of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. Although the original palace was built by Emperor Songsten Gampo in the 7th century, the Potala Palace we see today was built in the 17th century. Gampo's palace was incorporated into the greater buildings, which still stand today.
5 UUs ?
Anyway, since the weaponry for each of the nations were very different from one another, it's quite possible that I might wind up with 5 UUs for each nation.
By the way, anyone know where I can find the graphics for a Turtle Ship, Hwarang, Mangudai, Sampan, Junk, and Treasure Ship?
Last edited by Azeem on 02-01-2004 at 06:27
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Azeem
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Probably. But AoE doesn't have a Sampan or the Hwarang.
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Azeem
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Some Notes on UUs
UUs won't only have bonuses to attack and defense, they also reflect (to a certain degree) the strategic methods of their respective nation.
Chinese- Threatened with numerous invasions from various tribes and having experienced destructive civil wars, the Chinese had to develop strong, sophisticated defenses. Most major cities in the Chinese Empire were protected by massive and heavily fortified city walls. In fact, the Chinese name for the Great Wall literally means "10,000-Mile (Wan Li) Long City (Chang Cheng)" since it appears like a string of city walls. As a result, the Chinese UUs tend to have higher Defense values.
*General UU stats: +0 Attack, +2 Defense, +1 HP bonus
Japanese- Japanese swords are forged using a special technique that only the finest Japanese swordsmiths know, making them some of the strongest swords in the world. Along with strong weaponry, Japan has a very violent history with numerous civil wars. And in these many civil wars, fierce Samurai warriors adhere strongly to their code of honor, Bushido, and fight their foes fearlessly to the death. The Japanese UUs thus have a bonus to their Attack power.
*General UU stats: +2 Attack, +0 Defense, +1 HP bonus
Koreans- Surrounded by extremely powerful empires, the Koreans were prone to invasions from their neighbors. The Koreans utilized martial arts and devised several ingenious weapons such as the Turtle Ship and the Hwacha to defend themselves against their enemies. As a result, Korean UUs are quite well-rounded - they can be used effectively for attack and defense.
*General UU stats: +1 Attack, +1 Defense, +1 HP bonus
Mongols- The Mongols' conquest of enormous empires and victories over armies with superior equipment was largely due to their tactical expertise on the battlefield and their superior mobility. The Mongol usage of cavalry allowed them to outmanuever enemy forces effectively. Thus, Mongol UUs all have a significant bonus to their Movement value and can all retreat. However, since Mongols did not wear heavy armor or built sophisticated defenses, their UUs are lacking in Defense.
*General UU stats: +1 Attack, -1 Defense, +2 Movement, +1 HP bonus
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Azeem
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Finally have the Kobukson graphics! A HUGE thanks to Aaglo for creating the Kobukson (Turtle Ship) unit.
I haven't had enough time lately to work on the mod. I don't have any skill whatsoever in graphics programs, so I'll have to search for unit and building graphics on CivFanatics and Apolyton.
Anyway, some recent additions:
- Changed the "Steel Age" era to "Middle Ages". This is not the "Middle Ages" in the European context, but I named it this way to refer to the times when the government systems of East Asian nations were becoming more organized and established (such as the Shoguns taking control in Japan and the reform of the Confucian civil service examinations in China) and a time when the arts were beginning to flower. It is somewhat of a transition between the occurrences in the Iron Age, which set the foundations for culture and government, and the "Imperial Age" (which represents the culmination of cultural development and political power such as the flourishing of arts and political stability in the Tokugawa period of Japan or the golden age of the Choson Dynasty in Korea).
- Wonders aren't free, nor are they ALWAYS entirely positive. I think wonders can be way too overpowering in Civ3, so I decided that some of them should also have a particular downside. Wan Li Chang Cheng (The Great Wall) grants a significant bonus with added Army value, walls to all cities, and double strength against barbarians (along with it not being made obsolete). However, it's downside is equally significant - it costs a lot of shields to build, 6 gold per turn to maintain, and causes unhappiness to all cities in the empire. This is to reflect the mixed results of certain wonders. The Great Wall, though praised by Westerners, was built at the cost of millions of lives and was often seen by Chinese people in the history of Imperial China, as a symbol of oppression. Dynasties spent enormous sums of the treasury on the Great Wall, and people weren't at all pleased to risk their lives building it. Anger at the Qin Dynasty (the dynasty that enforced oppressive rule and forced millions to labor at the Great Wall) was so great, that the Qin was extremely short-lived and the capital city of Xianyang was burned to the ground. Of course, in Civ3, it doesn't get that extreme. 
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Plotinus
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Some really interesting ideas here, Azeem - I especially like negative effects of Wonders. I hope you post this mod as I'd like to have a shot at it.
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LouLong
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French
Nov 2001
time: 13:32
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Dom Pedro II is working on a Hwarang at CFC.
+ Wangyushi posted there a Chinese soldier and Dom Pedro a Qin spearman.
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Azeem
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Found some great graphics at CivFanatics. Since there's no graphic for Changdeokgung, I'm going to have to improvise a little. There's a graphic of a Korean palace available (which was "borrowed" from SimCity 3000 ), but it isn't Changdeokgung. So, for the sake of simplicity, I'll just use that to represent the Changdeokgung wonder.
Anyway, more on wonders:
*Some changes to wonders- Changdeokgung costs 4 gold per turn; the Forbidden City costs 7 gold per turn and causes 1 unhappiness in the city that has it. Keeping elaborate palaces is positively absolutely NOT cheap (Unless your kings live in wooden boxes) . The reason for the Forbidden City's causing unhappiness is because the builder of the Forbidden City was ruthless and a usurper of the Imperial throne and the Ming Emperors (and the late-Qing Dynasty emperors) were far from being popular (despite their flowery name, the Ming emperors were known for being some of the most depraved emperors in Chinese history).
Jingdezhen Porcelain Artisans: replaces "Great Iron Works" but requires "clay" resource, costs 6 gold per turn
*The most famous Chinese porcelain dates from the Ming period. Imperial patronage led to rapid and more effecient production. Jingdezhen was practically the capital of porcelain making, as most porcelain pottery was carefully and skillfully crafted at the kilns of Jingdezhen. In the early Ming period, much of the labor needed to produce quality porcelain was supplied by hereditary artisan households. Later on, labor at imperial-controlled kilns was paid. At first, the primary consumers of porcelain were the Imperial court. But as imperial orders for porcelain declined, the porcelain industry looked abroad for potential customers (such as Japan and Europe).
Imperial Academy: Builds an "Academy" in all cities
*Due to the violent reaction to the Qin Dynasty's implementation of oppressive "Legalist" ideology, later dynasties turned to Confucianism to create an orderly society. Since the rise of Confucianism as an "official" ideology, the post-Qin dynasties (except for the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty) created "Civil Service Examinations." The "Civil Service Examinations" were focused primarily on the Confucian classics, thus scholars that took the exams had to study Confucian texts long and hard. Those that passed the "Civil Service" were rewarded various posts in the government. As Confucianism gained ground in China as the "official" ideology, it spread into neigboring Korea and Japan. Eventually, the Koreans made Confucianism an integral part of their society and government.
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Ozymandias
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quote:
Originally posted by Azeem
In the Iron Age, when "The Three Teachings" (Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism) became an extremely important part of Chinese society (and other neighboring cultures as well), that was when Confucianism became the "official" ideology and when Daoism became a religion (it was originally only a philosophy). |
-- Is there not a saying that all men are Confucians when they are wealthy and Taoists when they are poor?
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Azeem
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Confucianism served as the basis for ethics and family values in China and Korea, and to a certain extent, Japan as well. Confucian ideology was considered so important in China and Korea that both nations made them "official" ideologies. Like the Chinese, the Koreans instituted Confucian ideology into both government and everyday life. Even today, Chinese and Korean culture remains heavily influenced by Confucian ideals of filial piety.
The primary concept of Daoism is harmony with the flow of everything (the "Way"), an ideal shared in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese culture (thus the importance of tranquil gardens among the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese gardens nobility). Although the vital force, the "Qi" ("Chi"), is not a new idea, Daoism elaborated on what the "Qi" was and how it applies to finding the "Way". Daoist concepts of balance (shown in the Yin-yang symbol) were important in many of the East Asian arts, particularly martial arts.
Buddhism was widespread all across East Asia (although it practically vanished in India). Mahayana ("Greater Vehicle") Buddhism won millions of followers when it entered China. As China became a more cosmopolitan empire under the Tang, Buddhism became more prominent in neighboring countries as well. Local variations of Buddhism appeared ranging from the faith-based Pure Land tradition to the esoteric Chan (Zen) tradition.
Although Mongolia was unaffected by the spread of Confucianism and Daoism, Buddhism did gain ground in Mongolia. The Buddhist school of thought that entered Mongolia was similar to that of Tibet's ("Vajrayana Buddhism"). Vajrayana travelled to Mongolia from the Himalayas region (Bhutan, Tibet, Nepal) and presently, the Mongolians still practice that school of Buddhist thought. But if the Mongolians became city builders (rather than city raiders ), then they would have adopted Confucianism and Daoism as well, due to the magnituted of China's influence on neighboring nations.
As for your question about the "Forbidden Palace," it was only China under the Ming Dynasty that really built one. However, the Koreans and Japanese did build extra palaces (that were obviously not open to just anyone) other than their main government centers. The Mongols didn't build any palaces at all, as they were content moving their yurts from place to place when necessary.
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14-12-2003 02:11
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