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DaShi
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The Taste of Japan
Sep 2000 time: 05:24
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http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily..._6686_db065.htm
quote:
China's Big, Dirty Secret
China's runaway growth is taking a heavy toll on the environment and public health. Beijing hints of changes, but so far, it's mostly talk
Economic juggernaut, factory of the world, emerging superpower: When it comes to China's ascendancy, the journalistic clichés come fast and furious. And there's no denying that China's hypergrowth wave is a wondrous thing. But another, darker dimension to China's prosperity exists. The country is fast becoming an ecological wasteland, home to some of the world's smoggiest cities as well as rampant water shortages, soil erosion, and acid rain. Advertisement
It's not a pretty picture. Moreover, judging by the spike in respiratory diseases and other ailments in recent years, China's wonder growth is taking a toll on public health.
Chinese officials have acknowledged a problem in the past, but quickly termed it a necessary side effect of rapid industrialization and catch-up economic growth, not unlike what Japan experienced in the 1960s. What's more, China is now a net importer of oil and relies heavily on coal, much of it dirty, high-sulfur stuff, for about 70% of its domestic-energy needs. Unless China can secure significantly more oil supplies from abroad and ramp up cleaner domestic-energy sources such as nuclear power and hydroelectric plants, Chinese President Hu Jintao and his Communist colleagues will face a nasty policy dilemma.
BETTING ON DENIAL. Runaway economic growth with little thought of environmental side effects at some point can provoke societal backlash. It's difficult to tell whether Beijing understands this challenge, but signs indicate it may be starting to. Last month, China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) Vice-Director Pan Yue announced the suspension of 30 large projects that have failed to meet environmental standards. The list includes 26 hydropower stations, including a $5 billion megaproject in an area skirting the borders of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.
Under an environmental law passed in late 2003, such projects must have environmental impact statements in place, and efforts must be made to limit any fallout. Before the law passed, however, local governments would rush forward with big-tickets projects to generate more growth regionally, blithely ignoring environmental impacts. In essence, they bet that government authorities would look the other way. For a long time, they did.
In a statement posted on the environmental agency's Web site, Pan seemed to indicate that game is over. "We shall never be reduced to rubber-stamping," he said, adding the government was now committed to reining in the growth of environmentally damaging power-generation projects as well as those in basic industries such as iron, steel, and cement.
ENERGY SQUANDERER. . Trouble is, there isn't much Pan can do to force the projects' backers to really clean up their acts. SEPA doesn't have the authority to cancel construction of these plants for good. Nor can it impose much in the way of penalties. Still, in the context of Chinese politics, his move is startling.
Nobody expects Beijing officialdom to turn into a bunch of tree-huggers, of course. But if they want to put China on a more sustainable growth track and at least halt the pace of environmental damage affecting big chunks of the mainland, SEPA must be given some real authority -- and that's not likely to happen soon.
Also, China needs to diversify from its heavy dependence on coal for energy -- or at least encourage investment in cleaner coal-burning technologies now common in the West and Japan. It also must improve energy efficiency across the country. There's a colossal amount of energy waste, thanks to primitive coal-mining techniques, loose building-construction codes, and inefficient factories. For every $1 of gross domestic product produced, China spends three times the world average on energy.
WEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY? It's also a standout in other less-than-admirable areas. China leads the global pack in sulfur-dioxide emissions, has a massive acid rain problem, and contains more than a dozen of the most polluted cities on earth. One World Bank study estimated that environmental damage costs China some $170 billion a year in lost productivity and associated health care. Unfortunately, such costs don't seem relevant when China is clocking near double-digit growth year in and year out.
Some economists think China's rapid growth period could last well into the next decade. That may be true. If so, millions of ordinary Chinese families may see their living standards rise, doubtless a good thing. One just hopes that China doesn't commit ecological suicide along the way. For if it does, China may be rich, but who will want to live there? |
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DaShi
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The Taste of Japan
Sep 2000 time: 05:24
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http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/englis...tent_399891.htm
quote: China looks to the elements for renewable energy
Qin Jize
2004-12-14 06:08
As the country's fast economic development demands more electricity, and the world moves towards renewable resources, China is looking at wind as an energy source. Wind is the fastest growing source of electricity in the world but its use in China is still low, even though there is actually plenty of it here.
"China has two major windy regions," said Zhu Ruizhao, professor with the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences.
He said one is a large area from the northwest to the northeast, the other, along the coast in the east.
Zhu said the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the vast grasslands of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are especially rich in wind energy.
So far just 0.11 per cent of China's energy is created by wind.
To the end of last year, China had an installed wind capacity of 567 megawatts and 40 wind electricity plants, built in 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.
The largest one is currently in Dabancheng in Xinjiang.
Promoting development
China is now taking substantial measures to promote commercial development of wind energy use and to encourage the establishment of wind electricity plants.
In Shanghai, two wind facilities are being built with a combined capacity of 21 megawatts.
Similar constructions are under way all over the country.
The projects support China's national initiative that targets the creation of 20 gigawatts of new renewable energy by 2020.
A research report prepared by Greenpeace, the European Wind Energy Association and the China Renewable Industry Association says that China's wind energy reserves could exceed all of China's current power generation.
In 2020, electricity generated by wind energy could reach 14 per cent of the global wind energy output, the report forecasts.
The primary plan is to launch a two-year plan, evaluating and choosing sites to build 20 major wind plants all over the country.
"With the Chinese Government's growing support for cleaner, renewable energy solutions, we're truly seeing an increase in wind energy demand in China," said Steve Fludder, president of GE Energy-China, a major wind turbine producer.
"Early action by the government to stimulate the emerging wind energy market will result in abundant and cost-effective clean energy for the future," said Li Mingbo, a senior official of Xianning in Central China's Hubei Province.
New energy market
China's wind energy resources represent a significant new energy business opportunity and are considered to be among the world's best.
About 10 domestic companies are now involved in the design and manufacture of wind turbines. Turbines account for 70 per cent of the total cost of a wind farm, and those imported from foreign countries are much more expensive.
Zhu said 70 per cent of all turbines are expected to be labelled "made in China" next year.
"We are committed to efforts to use green energy and we want to make profit out of it," said Guo Xiaoying, general manager of a Beijing-based technical company, which invested in a wind electricity project in Inner Mongolia.
Guo said there were still a few practical obstacles to get over, such as the high risk of commercial development and difficulty in integrating with the national power network.
She said she was looking forward to more favourable incentive policies for wind power development from the government.
Financing is also a key issue, said Wang Zhongying, director of the renewable energy development centre of the Energy Research Institute under the National Development and Reform Commission.
"There is a lack of effective investment incentive mechanisms or a sustainable and stable policy framework to promote renewable energy," she said.
Zhu Ruizhao, professor with the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, said that for China, where the infrastructure is still backward, the development of wind energy needs a lot of money.
He said investors need detailed wind resource evaluations and policies to assure them of benefits.
Wang said she was looking forward to a policy to be framed in the form of the country's first law on renewable energy, which is likely to debut in the second half of next year at the earliest.
Renewable energy currently takes up less than 1 per cent of all energy in China mainly because it tends to be much more expensive due to higher production costs.
The cost of wind farms, for instance, would be twice as much as coal-fired power plants, Wang said.
Grid companies are obliged to buy all of their electricity from qualified renewable energy sources, and pass on the higher electricity price to the end users with some government subsidies.
"This is the system of sharing costs," Wang said. She said the object of the system was to carry out the obligations of the whole nation. "And that is fair," she added. "A clean world is beneficial to everybody."
On the supply side, it is mandatory for large power companies to build some renewable energy capacity, said Wang.
To identify the responsibilities of the power generator and grid company, according to Wang, the grid company should be responsible for building renewable power transmission lines.
Germany has installed more than 6,000 megawatts of wind power and the United States has seen significant development in the last decade, including 1,000 megawatts of new capacity in 1999 alone.
"To be the leader of the energy revolution, China still has a long way to go," Zhu added. |
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My Wife Hates CIV
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Michigan
Jan 1970 time: 05:24
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hmmm... i'm starting to feel cooler already. maybe it's working.
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My Wife Hates CIV
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Michigan
Jan 1970 time: 05:24
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well... i have my vette and ATV in with it too. along with all the wood I burn each year. fills up fast!
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dudemanjack
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Woodburning is too clean. You need to burn quarts of motor oil in your fireplace to really be warm.
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My Wife Hates CIV
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Michigan
Jan 1970 time: 05:24
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Hey, i looked out the window... i still see canada burning stuff!!! nasty looking stuff too. You people need to clean up your act!
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JimmyCracksCorn
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Macedonia - Sovereign country north of Greece.
Dec 2002 time: 05:24
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quote: Originally posted by Ned
Now I know you don't know what you are talking about. |
Ned. If you can't see how lowering polluting emmisions might lead to cleaner air, then you truly are an without a clue.
quote: ...environmental groups say such estimates don't take into account the economic benefits of conserving energy or the reduced cost of health care that comes with cleaner air. |
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/kyoto/costs.html
Now, Ned. Go away. No one takes you seriously.
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JimmyCracksCorn
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Macedonia - Sovereign country north of Greece.
Dec 2002 time: 05:24
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quote: Originally posted by My Wife Hates CIV
Hey, i looked out the window... i still see canada burning stuff!!! nasty looking stuff too. You people need to clean up your act! |
Thats pretty cool. I've always wondered what it would be like to live in one country and be able to see another one on a daily basis. Border cultures are interesting.
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Kontiki
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Canada
Aug 2001 time: 00:24
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quote: Originally posted by JimmyCracksCorn
Thats pretty cool. I've always wondered what it would be like to live in one country and be able to see another one on a daily basis. Border cultures are interesting. |
I can do that on clear days out of the window from my condo. Not much detail, though - just upstate New York from across the lake.
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All times are GMT. The time now is 05:24. Apolyton Time is 00:24. |
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