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The Mad Monk
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of Ice Cream
Mar 2000
time: 23:21
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quote:
Originally posted by Serb
Kibalcich invented the rocket at the end of XIX century.
Tsiolkovsky invented spaceship, spacesuit, and many moe. He launched a bunch of small liquid-fueled rockets(edit:  ) rockets and created a theoretical basis of rocketry and cosmonautic in the beggining of XX century- he is the founding father of cosmonautics.
Goddard is the same theif as Marcony- who stole invention of radio from Russian inventor Popov. |
This is what I found on Kibalcich:
quote:
Kibalchich
In Russia, the ideas of using rocket propulsion for atmospheric flight were reportedly expressed in mid-1800s by I. Tretesky, N. Sokovnin and N. Teleshev.
However, the most famous proposal of this sort was made by Nikolai Kibalchich, an explosives technician from the radical antigovernment organization "Narodnaya Volya". In 1881, during his 17-day incarceration in the Petrapavloskaya Fortress, St. Petersburg, where he was waiting for his execution for his part in the assassination of Emperor Alexander II, Kibalchich sketched and described a manned flight vehicle propelled by a solid-fuel engine.
"While in prison, a few days before my death, I write this project," Kibalchich wrote, "I believe in the reality of my idea and this belief supports me in my terrible situation... If my idea ... is recognized as emplementable, I will be happy with the fact that I have made a huge favor to my native land and to humanity."
In his work, Kibalchich asked a rhetorical question: "What kind of force is applicable to aeronautics. Such force, I believe, is slowly burning explosives."
Kibalchich sketched a hollow metal cylinder with a hole at the bottom. "If the cylinder faces upward with its closed end, then with a certain pressure of the exhaust ... the cylinder should take off."
Kibalchich envisioned the rocket engine attached to a platform via a gymbal-like suspension, which would allow steering the craft by adjusting the direction of thrust of the engine. "I think that in practice, such a task is achievable ... and can be accomplished with modern technology," he wrote. (71)
Two days, before his execution, on March 31, 1881, Kibalchich made an official request to the minister of internal affairs to evaluate his proposal. The request asked for "issuance of a command on permitting an interview with a member of the committee in regard to this project ... or obtaining a written answer from a commission of experts."
On March 26, 1882, almost a year after tragic events of 1881, General Komarov, head of the gendarmes, sent a report to the State Police Department, stating "... I have the honor, in satisfying the appeal of Nikolai Kibalchich, accused of state crimes, to present his plan for an aeronautical device." (122)
However, Kibalchich's project fell victim of a political stigma, tarnishing its author's name. "To give this to scientists for examination will hardly be timely, and may evoke only inappropriate comments," read the note on the package containing the project. The work was put in archive, where it remained untouched until August 1917 -- the year of two Russian revolutions, which toppled centuries-old Tsarist rule and brought Bolsheviks to power.
In March 1918, Nikolai Rynin, a restless propagandist of astronautics, got hold of Kibalchich's manuscript. With Rynin's review, Kibalchich's description of a manned rocket ship appeared in the April 1918 issue of the Byloye ("The Past") magazine.
During the Soviet era, a forgotten manuscript written by Kibalchich metamorphosed into another shot of official propaganda. In the typical extreme of the time, Soviet historians even "documented" how Kibalchich's writing had influenced young Sergei Korolev. Since then, the myth has effectively been debunked by independent researchers. (18)
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If this qualifies as 'inventing the rocket', can we celebrate Jules Verne as the inventor of time travel, and Isaac Asimov as the inventor of jump drive?
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The Mad Monk
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of Ice Cream
Mar 2000
time: 23:21
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A timeline of rocketry:
quote:
Milestones of pre-20th century rocketry:
BC
540: Pythagoras conceives of a counterearth that duplicates the Earth in every respect and moves with it.
384: Aristotle rejects plurality of planets, negatively impacting later thinkers. (148)
360: Hollow model of a pigeon suspended by a string over a flame is made to move by steam issuing from small exhaust ports (described by Aulus Gellius in "Noctes Atticaes" (Attic Nights) (102)
360: Heraclides, of Pontus, conceives of a semigeocentric universe where Mercury and Mars orbit Sun, while all of them orbit Earth.
280: Aristarchus of Samos conceives of a heliocentric universe.
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AD
Circa 62: Hero (or Heron), a Greek resident of Alexandria, invents the "Aeolipile," a hollow sphere with canted nozzles which spins on pivots by the reaction of steam jets. One of the supports on which the sphere rotates is hollow to admit steam generated in a "boiler" supported over fire. (102)
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Circa 850: The Chinese use some form of gunpowder in making fireworks to celebrate religious festivals.
1232: The Chinese successfully withstand the siege by Mongols of the the town of Kai-fung-fu with the help of "arrows of flaming fire." (Historians speculate that these true rockets became possible after the Chinese have discovered how to distill organic saltpetre -- an oxygen producing ingredient -- to increase the rate of burning.)
1242: Roger Bacon, an English Franciscan monk, produces a secret formula for "gunpowder": saltpetre 41.2; charcoal 29.4; sulphur 29.4. To achieve a faster rate of burning, Bacon distills saltpeter -- the oxygen producing ingredient.
1280: Al-Hasan al-Rammah, a Syrian military historian, describes rockets (Chinese arrows) and recipes for making gunpowder in "The Book of Fighting on Horseback and With War Engines."
1379: Gunpowder rockets are used in the siege of Chioggia, near Venice, Italy.
1516: The use of rockets near the Ukrainian city of Belgorod is recorded. (2)
1675: The first appearance of rockets in the Russian city of Ustuyg. (2)
1687: Isaac Newton postulates the Laws of Motion, including his third law which states that "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." It becomes the main theoretical principle of jet propulsion.
1680s: The "Rocket Enterprise" (Raketnoe Zavedenie) is founded in Moscow.
1711: Peter the Great founds the Arsenal artillery enterprise in St. Petersburg, which produced rocket devices as early as 1732. (79)
1770: Capt. Thomas Desaguliers examines rockets brought from India in the Royal Laboratory, Woolwich, England, but fails to reproduce reported range or accuracy. (Some would not even lift from their stands)
1780s: Indian ruler Hyder Ali, Prince of Mysore, uses iron-cased rockets with 8-10-feet (2.4 - 3-meters) balancing sticks against troops of the East India Company. The rockets with a weight of 2.7 - 5.4 kilograms have a range of 2.4 kilometers.
1789: Innes Monroe publishes "A Narrative of the Military Operations on the Coromandel Coast," where he describes the 1761 battle of Panipat between British and Indian troops led by Hyder Ali of Mysore. The Indian rocket corps numbering 1,200 men, fired up to 2,000 rockets at the enemy cavalry from a range of 0.8 miles, defeating the British.
1782-1799: In India, during the Third Mysore War, the Indian army uses missiles against the British. Tippu Sultan, the son of Hyder Ali and commander of the Indian army, increased his rocket troops to 5,000 soldiers and equipped them with larger missiles. Before his death at the Battle of Seringapatam in 1799, the troops of Tippu Sultan defeated the British several times.
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19th century
1804: Colonel William Congreve provides specifications for the manufacturing of large rockets at Woolwich, England. Within a year, he produces a 10.9-kilogram rocket with a 1,830-meter range. Later, he develops a 14.5-kilogram iron-cased rockets (107 centimeters long and 10-centimeters in diameter). To increase the range, Congreve creates a faster-burning powder.
1806 Oct. 8: 18 British rocket-carrying boats bombard Boulogne (France) with Congreve missiles during the Napoleonic War. Most missiles overshoot the French battleships, instead starting fires in the coastal town.
1807 Sept. 2-7: British rocket boats attack Copenhagen, Denmark, initiating big fires in the town.
1813: The British Royal Military Academy in Woolwich publishes "A Treatise on the Motion of Rockets" by William Moore. The work includes a mathematical description of rocket trajectories, including their movement in air and vacuum.
1814 Sept. 13-14: The British navy fires Congreve rockets against besieged Fort McHenry, Baltimore, during the War of 1812. The events inspire Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner, which became the American national anthem. The song mentions "the rockets' red glare."
1828-29: The Russian Army uses Zasyadko rockets during the Russo-Turkish War.
1840: In England, William Hale, develops spin stabilized rockets, by placing three curved metal vanes in the rocket exhaust. The devices were employed during the Mexican War (1846-48), during the Crimean War (1853-56), in Hungary, Italy, Prussia, and during the American Civil War (1861-65).
1853-56: Russian ships are equipped with rockets during the Crimean War.
1881: While waiting to be executed for his part in the plot to assassinate Czar Alexander II, Nikolai Kibalchich sketched and described a manned flight vehicle propelled by a solid-fuel engine.
1890: In Germany, Hermann Ganswindt proposes a reaction-powered spacecraft propelled by dynamite charges.
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Looks to me like the Chinese and Indians beat out everybody in terms of effective use of rockets.
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The Mad Monk
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of Ice Cream
Mar 2000
time: 23:21
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quote:
Originally posted by Serb
Kibalcich invented the rocket at the end of XIX century.
Tsiolkovsky invented spaceship, spacesuit, and many moe. He launched a bunch of small liquid-fueled rockets(edit: ) rockets and created a theoretical basis of rocketry and cosmonautic in the beggining of XX century- he is the founding father of cosmonautics.
Goddard is the same theif as Marcony- who stole invention of radio from Russian inventor Popov. |
Here is what I found on Tsiolkovsky:
quote:
Today this work and several follow-on articles written in 1911, 1912 and 1914 are universally recognized as the world's first scientifically sound proposals to use rockets for exploring space. For decades afterward the work would stun readers with the completeness and level of detail with which Tsiolkovsky designed his spaceship. The mathematical relation he formulated between the changing mass of a rocket as it burns fuel, the velocity of exhaust gases, and the rocket’s final speed has since become known as Tsiolkovsky’s formula, and is considered one of the foundations of the science of astronautics.
Amazingly, more than two decades before Robert Goddard launched the world’s first liquid-fueled rocket, Tsiolkovsky fueled his theoretical engine with a mix of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, the same combination used today on the Space Shuttle, and still considered the most efficient of rocket propellants. Tsiolkovsky arrived at the combination with little hope of testing his theory. He never attempted to build a rocket engine, let alone a spaceship. His discoveries stemmed from a thorough grounding in physics and mathematics, an awareness of the latest achievements in technology (for example, James Dewar first liquefied hydrogen in 1898), and a gift for prediction.
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While he certainly had the idea right, he never built an engine, and certainly did not launch 'a bunch of small liquid-fueled rockets'.
Goddard did.
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Serb
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Siberia, Communist party of Apolyton
Nov 2001
time: 11:21
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quote:
Originally posted by Seeker
The problem with Russia...is that it's full of Russians. |
The problem with Canada is that it is a second largest country in the world, but have the same population as Austria.
Another problem that you are whining, Olympic gold theives. You crying like babies- "mammy give me my candy back.
And the last problem that you have plans to invade USA, but don't have balls to launch an invasion. Really pathetic.
I wish you to have a nice day too.
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Serb
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Siberia, Communist party of Apolyton
Nov 2001
time: 11:21
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quote:
Originally posted by The Mad Monk
Sir Ralph is God? |
The King.
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Serb
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Siberia, Communist party of Apolyton
Nov 2001
time: 11:21
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quote:
Originally posted by The Mad Monk
Interesting. From the third link, it appears that he collaborated with Goddard.
I wouldn't provide the second link to someone I wanted to impress, however.
This is the link I've been using:
http://www.russianspaceweb.com/tsiolkovsky_kaluga.html |
Good link. At least now I know how to translate his book on English.
"Since around 1896, Tsiolkovsky studied extensively the theory of jet propulsion. In 1903, he succeeded in publishing a manuscript titled "Exploration of the Universe with Reaction Machines" in Nauchnoe Obozrenie (Scientific Review) magazine.
Today this work and several follow-on articles written in 1911, 1912 and 1914 are universally recognized as the world's first scientifically sound proposals to use rockets for exploring space. For decades afterward the work would stun readers with the completeness and level of detail with which Tsiolkovsky designed his spaceship. The mathematical relation he formulated between the changing mass of a rocket as it burns fuel, the velocity of exhaust gases, and the rocket’s final speed has since become known as Tsiolkovsky’s formula, and is considered one of the foundations of the science of astronautics."
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Sonic
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Vilnius, Lithuania
Dec 2001
time: 07:21
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I don't think Lithuania should give cheaper visas for Russians unless Russia would demilitarise Kaliningrad...
Actually Stalin offered Kalinigrad to Lithuania (Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic under USSR) once - after WW2. It was so because Lithuanian SSR was the only SSR to border Kaliningrad (Russian-occupied part of Eastern Prussia) and also because it was easier to create stories of Kalinigrad's historical belonging to Lithuania (one of USSR nations at a time) then one's of Kaliningrad's belonging to Russia. But government of Lithuanian SSR refused to take Kaliningrad as it was run down by war almost completely and it would have required many funds from Lithuanian SSR budget to repair and settle it. Lithuania was itself very damaged by war thus it couldn't have afforded that.
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Dr Strangelove
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Give it back to Germany! It's the last remanant of Prussia! What could be more German than Prussia!
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Apolyton Time is 00:21. |
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10-12-2002 12:29
Are you a fan of his?
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