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Whaleboy is offline Whaleboy
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I'm planning an article on conservatism, and whereas normally I'd do my research in a library or philosophy site/forum, since the OTF seems to be a bit of a hotbed of discussion on this topic (often fanned by me sorry), I thought I'd ask you!

I need to know, what do you think conservatism is? A notion that a bird in the hand is worth more than two in the bush? An economically right-wing agenda? A foreign policy? A way of propagating ones values abroad? A patriotic notion? etc etc

I know what I think, but I'm biased and I need more objective information from those that actually hold this belief and call themselves conservatives.

Please dont flame this one, we all probably know each others views on liberalism vs conservatism, and most of you probably know mine , but thats not up for discussion. This is purely within the confines of conservatism itself. If you want to flame it, there are plenty of other threads and I will happily join the barbeque!

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Conservativism is having a right-wing economic and/or social agenda.

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Firts of all, accept that conservatives, like Liberals, seek to improve the world. Of course, their ideas mean their view of how to do it, and what success shal look like differ, but its best to start ackowledgin they don;t aim to make anythign worse.

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GePap: Of course that goes without saying. There are plenty of other political movements for evil people.

Evil Knevil is offline Evil Knevil
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Traditional view:

conservatism dated back to Greek times. Homer believed in they lived in the bronze age of men, wheras before, their was a Gold and Silver age of heroes.

Mainstream conservatism seeks to reach backwards towards a stable social order. It searches for a halycon 'ages back' which makes reaction to many forms of change antithetical

More modern view:
conservatism is to enact and make better the radical reforms of previous governments. This is pretty much the standard British view.

cinch is offline cinch
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Well, personally, I'd hesitate to descrive conservatism by saying anything like "right-wing" this or that... That's just circular logic, in my opinion, because both conservatism and 'right-wing' are subjective terms. They can mean a whole bunch of things, depending on who says them.

I like to stick with the classic "conservatism = maintaining the status quo, valuing tradition over progression, etc."... Now, you run into snags with that definition, too, because, for example, in Canada, the 'status quo' is "liberal" and the "conservatives" seek to change 'the way it is'... Although, it does make sense in a way, because a majority of them wish to change things back to the 'way it was'.

I rambled. Sorry.

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Conservatism is a reliance on the individual for their own success or failure, reliance on the community for values, and reliance on the government for roads, education, and security.

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Conservatives like to conserve things that have been proven to work well. I do not believe in changing for the sake of change when a tried and proved system works fine. I also believe in conserving the environment for future generations and not trashing it in the name of capitalism. Liberty and individual choice are conservative principals because individual liberty is what made the United States to prosper. That liberty also took under consideration the community and the needs of the people as a whole. That system of individual liberty and responsability and sense of community is in a nut shell the American form of conservatinism. Of course the modern version just uses the word to justify greed.

I do not think that conservatism works when people do not care for their neighbor. It becomes simply selfishness and that will destroy any culture.

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I don't think conservatism has to do directly with economic policies. Many British or American "conservatives" will bundle conservatism with a series of economic / foreign / domestic policies because "conservatism" is a label for one of the two all-encompassing parties.

Conservatism is a state of mind whose scope is smaller than a party's scope. It maily has to do with idealizing the past (and as such maintaining the status quo or going back to the old ways) and assessing the newity with caution or hostility.

That's why the content of conservatism evolves with time: for example, before the American and French revolutions, the conservative idea was to think democracy wouldn't work, and that the people should remain subjects to the king; whereas today, conservatives defend the current form of democracy.

What doesn't evolve with time is the cognitive pattern: an idealization of the past, and more or less hostility towards the unknown that promises the future.

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Spiffor: You can almost imagine some of the first struggles between conservatives and liberals... shall we walk out of Africa or not?

Plato (the poster, not the great philosopher (sorry living Plato)) has an interesting idea of it being simultaneously a kind of socialist capitalism! . One has the "rugged individualism" one associates with capitalism, and moral communism. Presumably they also determine the manner in which a functional state is run?

Personally, I think it should be the other way around to a degree, but thats irrelevant here.

Nonetheless, I do believe it stems from a fundamental cognetive process that Spiffor describes. However, I would extend that to say pragmatism, whereas other ideologies like liberalism one could argue could stem from idealism. Thoughts?

Kuciwalker is offline Kuciwalker
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quote:
Spiffor: You can almost imagine some of the first struggles between conservatives and liberals... shall we walk out of Africa or not?


No, the real first struggle was between men and women: should they ask for directions? That's how they crossed the bering straight

Evil Knevil is offline Evil Knevil
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quote:
Originally posted by skywalker
quote:
Spiffor: You can almost imagine some of the first struggles between conservatives and liberals... shall we walk out of Africa or not?


No, the real first struggle was between men and women: should they ask for directions? That's how they crossed the bering straight


Man "NO, I'm not stopping. I'm sure its just across here...."

2500 years later.........The Spanish are burning Tenhuchian

Woman "I told you so...."

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Conservatism in Grecia

Politico - Societal:The will to preserve the present status quo (that way even socialists can be conservatives, yep)

Politico-Economic: minimum state intervantion in the economy (less social state, less regulations, fewer taxes etc hence socialists are out and right wingers are in)

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quote:
Originally posted by elijah
Plato (the poster, not the great philosopher (sorry living Plato)) has an interesting idea of it being simultaneously a kind of socialist capitalism! . One has the "rugged individualism" one associates with capitalism, and moral communism. Presumably they also determine the manner in which a functional state is run?

Personally, I think it should be the other way around to a degree, but thats irrelevant here.



I like that..."Socialist Capitalism". The wave of the new century.

elijah, I have to disagree with you. Societies have seemed to advance when they operate from a common value system. Albiet, they do need an influx of new ideas and should be adaptable. The individual, while drawing from society, is accountable to themselves for ambition, drive, and desire. Society should not be held responsible for a lack of these.

The Templar is offline The Templar
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Unfortunately - or fortunately - conservatives are not a monolithic block. I used to be a libertarian myself, and never had anything but contempt for religious conservatives.

A quick and dirty division goes something like this:

(1) Fiscal conservatives: free market, anti-regulation types. Believe the market is the best way to maximize the values of the people. In the extreme form, this leads to a sort of social Darwinism.

(2) Social conservatives: like the social status quo. In the '50s, that meant Blacks "knew their place" today it means gays "know their place" and all act like the fab five. But seriously, social conservatives tend to think that social relations are the time tested products of tradition and should remain as they are. This may or may not entail a belief that the government should enforce tradition. (Bob Barr, for instance, is a social conservative but does not believe government should be empowered to enforce social mores).

Again, this is quick and dirty. Religious right types tend to be strong social conservatives who do believe in government enforcement of traditional morality. Think Billy Graham, Jerry Falwell or Bill Bennett (when not playing the slots that is). Religious right people tend not to be so hot on the free market though.

Neocons tend to see religion as a useful operating system for "the masses" but many don't seem to take religion that seriously themselves.

Libertarians, at least the ones I know and like I used to be, tend to have strong faith in an unfettered market. But also tend to be socially liberal - favoring things like drug legalization and gay marriage (or in the alternate, government extracting itself from the marriag ebusiness altogether).

Conservatism is a broad field, and different types of conservatives tend not to get along. Kind of like liberals.

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quote:

elijah, I have to disagree with you. Societies have seemed to advance when they operate from a common value system. Albiet, they do need an influx of new ideas and should be adaptable.


IMO it is the influx of ideas that advances a society, though they may be generated within that society itself. Of course, that is all dependent on how you see "progress". I would imagine many see it as technological, I see it as intellectual, and working with the grain of human societies throughout history, libertarian. I do see what you mean about a common value system, but I believe that such a notion is inconsistent in application and can often lead to harm. Also, what happens when something needs to occur that contradicts that value system? Its a flawed example, but look at the urgent concerns of environmentalists in todays America being ignored for the sake of the economy. Nonetheless, my argument against is largely irrelevant here.

Elok is offline Elok
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There's a thread about conservatism, and nobody's even mentioned Burke yet? Edmond Burke was essentially the founder of modern conservatism. His chief doctrine was that change within societies should be accomplished by gradual reform rather than sudden revolution, which is destructive to the societies it tries to fix. The key to change is to gradually shape the ideals of society itself so that the problems are fixed at their root and the passing of laws to fix problems is almost a matter of course. The alternative method of forcing a radical change on the populace only imposes an unwanted law on an unwilling people, and merely solves the problem until the next generation repeals that law. Burke's morals were actually rather communist in a way, as a persecuted "Burkean" would endure for the good of a stable nation rather than revolt in a quest for change. It begins with the presupposition that peace and order are the chief desirable good.
It's been about a year since I took Poli Sci so I might have mixed him up a little with other philosophers.

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Conservativism can't be defined as just "trying to keep the status quo" in a political sense because there are seemingly at least as many issues in America at least in which conservatives are the ones pushing for change. Abortion, tax reform, school vouchers, affirmative action, welfare, et cetera - in fact, whenever the current policy was set by liberals, conservatives are usually looking to reform it And a lot of this thing about "progress" versus "reactionism" is just rhetoric...when a liberal wants something done he says it's necessary in order to progress to the glorious future and when a conservative wants something done he says it's necessary to bring back the simpler and more virtuous days of the past, whereas it doesn't matter what the thing actually is.
Conservative and liberal are at least partly names of groups that have appeared out of necessity with no decent reason for existing or coherent philosophy. The fact that Pat Buchanan and Milton Friedman, despite having a lot of opposite views on stuff, are both called "conservative" should be a tipoff, not to mention the craziness in having, say, a Latino immigrant and a Hollywood superstar as liberals.
Much easier than what you're trying to do would be to define "social conservatives" and "economic conservatives" and not bother trying to link the two into some overarching conservativism existing mostly out of political chance.

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Conservatism believes that individuals are better capable of managing their lives than government. In order for individuals to be able to manage their own lives, they need as much of their earned income as possible, therefore taxes should be as low as possible. Furthermore, in order for individuals to manage their own lives, government regulations should be reduced as much as possible. Goverment should be as non-intrusive in economic matters as possible. Also, conservatives feel that social programs should be as limited as possible, only covering those in desperate need. The reasoning is that most individuals are capable of self-reliance if helped properly, and individuals should be encouraged to be as self-reliant as possible, or the compassion of others, because self-reliance and economic independance are ultimately better.
Lastly, conservatives believe the primary goal of government is national defense. Therefore, the budget should always emphasize national defense. And, the military should be used only when it involves a matter of national security.

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It traditonally means someone opposed to change/reform. Presently, it's just a political word that has little meaning.

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Well, modern conservatism is based on the writings of Burke, as Elok stated. Change should be gradual and not a sudden overthrow of tradition. The sudden overthrow, such as in the French Revolution, causes social chaos and disorder. He believes that tradition is the collected wisdom of history, so should be built upon, rather than totally cast aside.

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Yup: read up on Burke:

This version of conservatism believed that the institutions of each people were a slow creation through hisotry, and thus were the best possible set ofg institutions for that time and that place. Burke is not a universalist: he did not believe that what worked for the French would for the Spaniards, or Brits, or vice versa. So to some extent he renounced once of the core beliefs of the enlightenment, that through Reason man could solve any problem, and that all human were the same and the same was applicable universally.

I think that can be an interesting part of your essay: who much has conservatism embraced te enlightenment (as certainly the Liberas [UK] have) and how much they still fight it (look at some of George Will's comments on the Holocast).

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The Burke idea is not strictly the domain of conservatism. Gradual change being preferable to revolution seems separate to the fundamental issues of conservatism, as a liberal, I can say that I prefer a slow incremental change over a vast revolution, because it makes sense. That is not essentially related to the issues one changes in the first place imo.

Nonetheless... adding to the list

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as others have said, it's hard to put all conservatives under one roof, as it is with most other 'groups'. for example both elijah and myself would describe oursleves as liberals (albeit left and right liberals, respectivly) but we would disagree about most things ().

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I'm a staunch libertarian liberal, and believe in a free market, so I guess that would also put me on the right - at least economically.

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well that goes even further towards proving my point.

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A fundemental part of conservatism is the idea that govt changing things will only make them worse, this is part of the reason deregulated/free-market economics (but only in economy) is favoured, this way the economy regulates itself with no govt. intervention.

Besides, did adam smith not say that when an economy was in recession the govt. should do NOTHING cos they will only make the situation worse?

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quote:
Originally posted by The Andy-Man
A fundemental part of conservatism is the idea that govt changing things will only make them worse

I don't think so. I'm pretty sure Mandarin bureaucrats "conservatives" in imperial China believed that the action of the gov was better than the action of the individual...

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Certainly in this day and age, it would appear that government action by conservatives is supported. Still what do people think about conservatism being based fundamentally on pragmatism?

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I don't think there is a recognized and legitimate ideology to being a conservative... and likewise for liberals. People call me a liberal and other speak of some ideology called "liberalism" but I've never read about such a doctrine, nor do I follow one. As with most people, I just say what I think makes sense. People throw around labels like conservative and liberal because they are too ignorant to learn what others have to say.

 
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